Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the Asian economy. They make up more than 96% of all Asian businesses, providing two out of three private-sector jobs on the continent. Th... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 28 Dec 2019 This paper shows that industrialization of developing countries, defined as start of production of investment goods, happens when their share in global production exceeds the global demand for consump... Section: Working Papers
by Tadateru Hayashi | On 27 Dec 2019 This paper analyzes the conduct and effects of macroprudential policy in 11 Asian economies. Of these, India, the People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea frequently used loan-to-value ra... Section: Working Papers
by Soyoung Kim | On 16 Apr 2019 Peer-to-peer lending (P2PL) FinTech is growing rapidly in Indonesia. With its flexibility and simplicity, P2PL reduces the gap in financing that cannot be fulfilled by banks. However, the rapid develo... Section: Working Papers
by Nika Pranata | On 12 Apr 2019 Certificates are widely used as a signaling mechanism to mitigate adverse selection when information is asymmetric. To reduce information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers, Chinese peer-to-peer... Section: Working Papers
by Maggie Rong Hu | On 11 Apr 2019 This paper investigates the emergence of new occupations by comparing various classifications of occupations and predicting probabilities to access them given workers’ characteristics. Systematic comp... Section: Working Papers
by Sameer Khatiwada | On 11 Apr 2019 The paper provides a narrative of Sri Lanka’s history of twin deficits, examines macroeconomic performance from the lens of twin deficits, and discusses the policies adopted to address macroeconomic i... Section: Working Papers
by Dushni Weerakoon | On 28 Mar 2019 This paper empirically examines the “defensive innovation” hypothesis that firms with higher exposure to low-wage economy import competition intensively undertake more innovative activity by using a h... Section: Working Papers
by Nobuaki Yamashita | On 28 Mar 2019 Along with the continuous development of the global economy, environmental deterioration has been widely recognized as a pressing issue nowadays, bringing environmental governance to the forefront of... Section: Working Papers
by Chun-Ping Chang | On 27 Mar 2019 The paper will provide policy suggestions, such as establishment of credit guarantee funds for easing the female-owned SMEs’ access to finance in Asia. Implementation of supportive policies for female... Section: Working Papers
by Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary | On 26 Mar 2019 In September 2015, the world committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which have broad and interconnected social, economic, social, econo... Section: Policy Briefs
by Jose Ramon Albert | On 18 Mar 2019 Using a decomposition approach on data collected by the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) as well as World Input-Output data, it shows that in most Asian economies the services sector makes the la... Section: Working Papers
by Matthias Helble | On 07 Mar 2019 The goal of the note is to lay out and discuss a package of reforms that could be consistent with the objectives of the government. The fiscal instruments that we consider here include the division of... Section: Policy Briefs
by Roy Bahl | On 06 Mar 2019 The paper extends the literature by conducting the survey in a relatively low-income Asian economy— the Lao PDR—and analyzing the determinants of financial literacy and the effects of financial litera... Section: Working Papers
by Peter J. Morgan | On 06 Mar 2019 This paper introduces a taxonomy of service activities in GVCs and describes the main statistical challenges in assessing the contribution of manufacturing and services to output, value added, or trad... Section: Working Papers
by Sébastien Miroudot | On 04 Mar 2019 This paper takes an overview of the concepts and features of central bank money and private sector money and focuses on the actual performance of these types of money in selected advanced and emerging... Section: Working Papers
by Sayuri Shirai | On 13 Feb 2019 This paper reviews the rationale and potential for improving subnational development finance, outlines the overall landscape of institutional arrangements available for this purpose, and considers bro... Section: Working Papers
by Paul Smoke | On 11 Feb 2019 This study provides an evaluation of five different methodologies of estimation commonly used in the labor share literature and propose a new measurement. Theglobal dataset of the labor income share a... Section: Working Papers
by Marta Guerriero | On 01 Feb 2019 The paper reviews green markets, technologies, and practices with a focus on developing Asian countries, and offers a set of policy options to enable governments and development finance institutions t... Section: Working Papers
by Daniele Ponzi | On 28 Jan 2019 This study documents the frequency and characteristics of multi-product firms in Vietnamese manufacturing. The major findings are as follows. First, multi-product firms are larger, more capital-intens... Section: Working Papers
by Ha Thi Thanh Doan | On 23 Jan 2019 This paper constructs a better proxy: expected work experience—the sum of the annual probabilities that an individual worked in the past. This measure can be generated using commonly available data on... Section: Working Papers
by Joseph E. Zveglich, Jr | On 22 Jan 2019 In 2017, global investment in renewables and energy efficiency declined by 3% and there is a risk that it will slow further; clearly fossil fuels still dominate energy investment. This could threaten... Section: Working Papers
by Jeffrey D. Sachs | On 22 Jan 2019 This paper investigates the effects of the Basel II capital requirement implementation in Viet Nam on the bank lending rate and national output. The paper provides a theoretical framework as well as e... Section: Working Papers
by Nguyet Thi Minh Phi | On 18 Jan 2019 This study reviews how green finance in Singapore is working, examines existing barriers, and suggests some solutions. Singapore, a well-established financial hub in Asia, aims to be a hub for green f... Section: Working Papers
by Youngho Chang | On 17 Jan 2019 This paper uses a theory-based measure of productivity-based comparative advantage to examine the trade performance of developing Asian economies in manufacturing and services over the 1995–2011 perio... Section: Working Papers
by Ben Shepherd | On 16 Jan 2019 This paper assesses the accuracy of Asian Development Outlook growth and inflation forecasts for 43 Asian economies from 2007 to 2016, against the benchmark of World Economic Outlook projections by th... Section: Working Papers
by Benno Ferrarini | On 15 Jan 2019 In various Asian countries, international trade has raised productivity, lowered mark ups through import competition (while increasing them through cheaper inputs that can be imported), raised wages,... Section: Working Papers
by Devashish Mitra | On 11 Jan 2019 This paper describes and evaluates the range of P2P lending systems on offer to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in several countries, considering different regulatory regimes. In some countr... Section: Working Papers
by Naoko Nemoto | On 02 Jan 2019 Solar lanterns are promoted across rural sub-Saharan Africa to improve both lighting in homes and educational outcomes. It undertakes a randomized controlled trial in Zimba District, Zambia, to evalua... Section: Working Papers
by Ognen Stojanovski | On 27 Dec 2018 This paper, confines the focus to a discussion of how inadequate marketing diluted the scheme’s impact. Specifically, several commercial banks could not tailor elements of their marketing mix—includin... Section: Working Papers
by Talha Nadeem | On 26 Dec 2018 This paper uses a structural gravity model to show the effects of services policies on manufacturing exports. Whereas the previous literature has focused on indirect effects of policies—flowing throug... Section: Working Papers
by Ben Shepherd | On 25 Dec 2018 This paper analyzes the effects of the current trade conflict on developing Asia using the Asian Development Bank’s Multiregional Input–Output Table (MRIOT), allowing us to calculate the impact on ind... Section: Working Papers
by Abdul Abiad | On 14 Dec 2018 Services are playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. Over the last few decades, the sector’s contribution to output, employment, and value-added trade has grown quite dramaticall... Section: Working Papers
by Valerie Mercer-Blackman | On 14 Dec 2018 Basmati rice is Pakistan’s celebrated export. After years of growth, Pakistan’s production and export of basmati has slipped and is on a downward trend. The absence of a strong research and developmen... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 13 Dec 2018 This paper analyzes the evolution of the labor share of income in Asia, a region where countries have experienced steep declines and increases as well as stable labor income shares in the quarter-cent... Section: Working Papers
by Mitali Das | On 10 Dec 2018 This paper contributes to the literature in two ways: First, it delineates a concrete application of DLTs in the field of green financing, which offers the potential to increase social welfare. Second... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 20 Nov 2018 The current global warming trends are extremely likely to be the result of human social and economic activity since the middle of the 20th century (NASA 2018). Evidence of rapid climate change varies... Section: Policy Briefs
by Kunmin Kim | On 20 Nov 2018 This paper extends this literature by considering a heterogeneous labor market with capital-skill complementarity. Technological advancement, global integration, regulation of labor market and structu... Section: Working Papers
by Saumik Paul | On 14 Nov 2018 The aim of the paper is to contribute to the discussion on the role of multilateral financing in directly addressing gender-based violence; specifically, the ways in which infrastructure investments c... Section: Working Papers
by Tsolmon Begzsuren | On 26 Oct 2018 This paper employs a multidimensional approach to gauge the degree of regional integration and analyze impact on growth, inequality, and poverty. It constructs a multidimensional regional integration... Section: Working Papers
by Cyn-Young Park | On 19 Oct 2018 This paper empirically tests conventional wisdom on the stabilizing effect of LCBMs. To do so, it analyses and compare the financial vulnerability of developing countries during two episodes of financ... Section: Working Papers
by Donghyun Park | On 19 Oct 2018 This paper develops an environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (E-DSGE) model with heterogeneous production sectors. In particular, the model comprises some low-carbon emission firms that... Section: Working Papers
by Maria Teresa Punzi | On 17 Oct 2018 A large empirical literature finds that financial development is beneficial for economic growth, although some recent evidence suggests otherwise. The paper contributes to the finance–growth literatur... Section: Working Papers
by Gemma Estrada | On 16 Oct 2018 This brief report documents facts of financial innovation in Asia and the Pacific that include: • Fintech redefines a specific sector at the intersection of financial services and technology sectors.... Section: Reports
by Asian Bank | On 09 Oct 2018 This paper overcomes the constraint and provides some preliminary outcomes from a novel dataset that the authors compile at the sectoral level (10 sectors) for 53 countries, including 20 developing co... Section: Working Papers
by Yoko Oishi | On 28 Sep 2018 National regulatory agencies (NRAs) are the gatekeepers of the supply chain of medical products such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices. It is through registration with an NRA that a manufacturer... Section: Policy Briefs
by Susann Roth | On 28 Sep 2018 This paper studies the optimal structure of procurement contracts between public and private sectors by mainly comparing two typical procurement types: traditional procurement and public–private partn... Section: Working Papers
by Hojun Lee | On 26 Sep 2018 This paper discusses public and private sector financing of infrastructure, and examines the factors driving infrastructure investment in this subregion. Using a panel of three large South Asian count... Section: Working Papers
by Shikha Jha | On 25 Sep 2018 This paper examines how women’s participation in family decision-making is affected by land rights in rural areas in India. The 2005 Hindu Succession Act was legislated to protect women’s rights to an... Section: Working Papers
by Harold Glenn A. Valera | On 24 Sep 2018 This working paper summarizes the findings from three of the countries chosen by the study—Mongolia, Myanmar, and Timor-Leste—to represent the range of challenges countries face and need to contend wi... Section: Working Papers
by Sri Wening Handayani | On 21 Sep 2018 The paper investigates the changing network of financial markets for six periods from 1995–2016, constructing a network that captures the concepts of the direction of links between markets, the signif... Section: Working Papers
by Biplob Chowdhury | On 19 Sep 2018 Private–public partnership (PPP) methods are considered to be an effective way to narrow the gap between demand and supply of social infrastructure. If successfully pursued, PPP can deliver benefits t... Section: Working Papers
by Jungwook Kim | On 11 Sep 2018 The paper investigates the claim that national labor markets have become more globally interconnected in recent decades. It is done so by deriving estimates over time of three different notions of int... Section: Working Papers
by Liming Chen | On 07 Sep 2018 Risk management is a systematic approach to determine which goods and passengers need
to be examined in detail when entering a country. It involves (i) collecting, storing, and
analyzing data to und... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank | On 07 Sep 2018 Aging can be harmful to an economy over the long run, as an increase in the share of the elderly population reduces both the labor force and output per adult, and increases the social security burden.... Section: Policy Briefs
by Hiroko Uchimura-Shiroshi | On 04 Sep 2018 The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) remarkable growth performance over the last 3 decades has been associated to very robust export growth, so much so that many refer to it as a clear example of ex... Section: Working Papers
by Jesus Felipe | On 28 Aug 2018 Asia is a hot spot for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potential. At the same time, the region is grappling with growing antimicrobial resistance and the hea... Section: Working Papers
by Megan Counahan | On 24 Aug 2018 This paper analyzes a critical aspect of expanding private finance to infrastructure by examining the role of bank lending to public–private partnership (PPP) projects through the project finance moda... Section: Working Papers
by Vivek Rao | On 20 Aug 2018 The paper presents a granular understanding of the associated challenges of mobilizing such finances, drawing from the Indian perspective. It contributes to the present understanding by identifying th... Section: Working Papers
by Gopal K. Sarangi | On 16 Aug 2018 The expansion of green renewable energy has been very limited in all the Asian countries, despite their various differences. The contributing factors are numerous, but, the financial factor has been t... Section: Working Papers
by Hooman Peimani | On 15 Aug 2018 The policy brief aims to mitigate the impact of natural disasters on food security, ASEAN established a rice reserve on 4 October 1979. The rice reserve was developed to alleviate poverty and to eradi... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 08 Aug 2018 This paper verifies the impact of bank account information, such as information on deposits and withdrawals, that is not necessarily fully accounted for in conventional internal ratings and that can a... Section: Working Papers
by Naoko Nemoto | On 08 Aug 2018 This study attempts to understand the role of greater access to finance, i.e., stocks, bonds, and bank loans, in public–private partnership (PPP) investment in developing countries. Most developing co... Section: Working Papers
by Suk Hyun | On 07 Aug 2018 This paper develops a framework identifying channels through which economic gains can be derived from PPP arrangement. The framework helps derive an empirically tractable specification that examines h... Section: Working Papers
by Minsoo Lee | On 07 Aug 2018 This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of different financial schemes for introducing PV facilities in terms of the suitability of funding vehicles and investment mechanisms. Given the p... Section: Working Papers
by Ranaporn Tantiwechwuttikul | On 02 Aug 2018 The cost of finance has a relatively high impact on the returns and viability of clean energy projects compared with fossil fuel-based energy projects, because the operating costs for renewable energy... Section: Working Papers
by Purkayastha Dhruba | On 02 Aug 2018 Infrastructure development in Southeast Asia has been financed mainly by public funds, which leave wide gaps in majority of countries. Governments have tried to attract the private sector by offering... Section: Working Papers
by Fauziah Zen | On 01 Aug 2018 This report assesses the impact of NDCs on the energy sectors of ADB’s DMCs in terms of projected changes to the power mix, anticipated investment in energy technologies, as well the resulting emissio... Section: Working Papers
by Yongping Zhai | On 31 Jul 2018 This working paper assesses the potential of incentive FAR approaches in two Indian cities, Mumbai and Ahmedabad, for leveraging the economic value of urban land. A thorough analysis of Mumbai’s clust... Section: Working Papers
by Apoorva Shenvi | On 23 Jul 2018 . This paper applies survival time hazard analysis to estimate how project-related, macroeconomic, and institutional factors affect the hazard rate of the projects. Empirical results show that governm... Section: Working Papers
by Minsoo Lee | On 23 Jul 2018 This paper first shows that the Domar condition is obtained only from the government budget constraint (namely the supply of government bonds) and does not take into account the demand for government... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 06 Jul 2018 This paper discusses recent developments in financial inclusion and financial literacy in Kyrgyz Republic. While financial inclusion is considered one of the key drivers of today’s development, it is... Section: Working Papers
by Savia Hasanova | On 05 Jul 2018 This paper provides an analysis of financial inclusion, literacy, and education issues in the Republic of Tajikistan. It discusses the recent progress in financial inclusion and the sector’s response... Section: Working Papers
by Roman Mogilevskii | On 05 Jun 2018 This paper uses the Kutzin framework as described in the WHO Bulletin in 2013.20. This version has the advantage of incorporating both health system functions and goals, and will help us in understand... Section: Working Papers
by Eduardo Banzon | On 28 May 2018 The paper theoretically and empirically show that dismissal laws and laws that impose hurdles on firing of employees - spur innovation and thereby economic growth. Theoretically, dismissal laws make i... Section: Working Papers
by Krishnamurthy V. Subramanian | On 25 May 2018 This paper studies the effects of firms’ investments in information and communication technologies (ICT) on their demand for female and skilled workers. Using the gradual liberalization of the broadba... Section: Working Papers
by Natalie Chun | On 22 May 2018 This paper investigates and tests the role of regional exposures in financial contagion from advanced to emerging market economies through the global banking network using data on cross-border bilater... Section: Working Papers
by Cyn Young Park | On 15 May 2018 This paper is to studies how manufacturing plants in India adjusted to trade liberalization during the period 1998–99 to 2007–08. It estimates how the labor share changed due to tariff reduction. The... Section: Working Papers
by Prachi Gupta | On 15 May 2018 This paper proposes a panel approach in the construction of the Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index (ARCII) to strengthen the index’s ability to track the progress of economic inte... Section: Working Papers
by Cyn-Young Park | On 10 May 2018 By employing a sample of 20,956 observations of non-financial SMEs headquartered in the Euro area, between 2009 and 2015, the paper tests whether young businesses are more likely to face credit reject... Section: Working Papers
by Danilo V. Mascia | On 08 May 2018 Financial inclusion has significantly advanced in Armenia during the last decade. Rural and urban areas, however, have benefited unevenly. The high cost of providing financial services, the lack of ph... Section: Working Papers
by Armen Nurbekyan | On 08 May 2018 This paper discusses the status of financial inclusion, education, and literacy in Azerbaijan as well as measures to foster the development of SMEs, which currently have inadequate access to financial... Section: Working Papers
by Gubad Ibadoghlu | On 07 May 2018 This paper examines the developments of cross-border portfolio assets and liabilities in the Asia and Pacific region over the periods of 2001–2017. Rapid increases in both portfolio foreign assets and... Section: Working Papers
by Sayuri Shirai | On 04 May 2018 The relationship between a declining labor income share and a falling relative price of capital requires capital and labor to be gross substitutes at the aggregate level. It argues that this restricti... Section: Working Papers
by Saumik Paul | On 02 May 2018 Digital technologies are increasingly underpinning almost all aspects of daily life, including health care. But there is not yet sufficient awareness of the issues to be considered when investing in d... Section: Reports
by Peter Drury | On 01 May 2018 The paper identifies key features of International Monetary Fund (IMF)–supported programs following the 2008 global financial crisis. The statistical analysis of a large sample of countries that borro... Section: Working Papers
by Carlos De Resende | On 30 Apr 2018 This paper assesses the effects of the most recent monetary policy behavior of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) (in particular, zero interest rate policy and negative interest rate policy) and Japanese tax pol... Section: Working Papers
by Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary | On 27 Apr 2018 The solar energy market has seen huge growth in recent years with a vast increase in solar cumulative capacity worldwide. One of the key drivers behind this growth is the decline in solar module price... Section: Working Papers
by Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary | On 26 Apr 2018 This study constructs a new dependency ratio measure by taking into account the consumption needs of the young and elderly people, and the productivity of middle-aged people. Different from the way th... Section: Working Papers
by Xuehui Han | On 01 Dec 2017 Financial literacy is gaining increasing importance as a policy objective in many countries. However, internationally comparable information on financial literacy is still scarce. Recently, the Bank o... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 01 Dec 2017 This study is part of the Asian Development Bank’s initiative to support greener and more sustainable transport systems that are convenient and lessen carbon dioxide emissions. Read how congestion cha... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 This publication summarizes the results of a pilot study to quantify water and energy use in high-effciency irrigation systems in Viet Nam. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 This report highlights emerging trends in AfT in the context of evolving trade performance in Asia and the Pacific. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 The purpose of this note is to help development practitioners gather relevant information, conduct analysis, and present both in a standardized diagnostic framework. In addition to the guidance note i... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 The report discusses the most recent projections pertaining to climate change and climate change impacts in Asia and the Pacific, and the consequences of these changes to human systems, particularly f... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 This study also describes trade facilitation projects that promote development through deepening regional cooperation and integration. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 With export demand stronger than expected in the first quarter of 2017, the region’s GDP is forecast to expand somewhat faster than forecast in April in Asian Development Outlook 2017. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2017 This report reviews trade and transport procedures in Bangladesh, highlights the importance of monitoring trade and transport facilitation, and lays a foundation for future studies and establishment o... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2017 This paper also provides recommendations for addressing new sources of market volatility and other challenges within and outside the framework of the Asian Bond Markets Initiative. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2017 This issue of the Asia Bond Monitor includes two special discussion boxes. Box 1 discusses the risks to emerging Asia’s financial stability under tightening global liquidity conditions. Box 2 discusse... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2017 This report summarizes findings and policy recommendations for the government's 13th Five-Year Plan. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2017 The paper says irrigation schemes in the region are aging and underperforming, and, with land in short supply, there is little scope for creating major new schemes. Persistent inability to attract ade... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2017 This report presents the findings of a climate risk financing study conducted by the GMS Core Environment Program in 28 rural communities in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Viet Na... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2017 High growth rates during the precrisis period have helped South Asia reduce poverty rates and raise living standards.
But despite gains in alleviating poverty, the number of poor people in the region... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2017 This study contributes to a growing body of research demonstrating that adoption of
internationally available and well-proven energy efficiency measures can improve the
effectiveness, sustainability... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2017 The Government of Papua New Guinea’s Development Strategic Plan 2010–2030 seeks to extend the
benefits of economic growth to the country’s most disadvantaged communities, emphasizing improvements
to... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2017 The Pilot LED Project was successful in demonstrating significant savings and in developing new specifications for LED luminaires that focused on luminaire performance, quality of delivered illuminati... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2017 This report explores three entry points to the theme of poverty and prosperity: (i) managing
urbanization for inclusive development, (ii) strengthening responses to rural poverty in the context of
t... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2017 The Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Goals Outlook report aims to develop a shared
understanding of the opportunities and challenges confronting the region. This report provides a goalby-goal
sn... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2017 This issue of the Asia Bond Monitor includes three special discussion boxes. Box 1 discusses the risk of Federal Reserve rate hikes to emerging Asia’s financial stability. Box 2 analyzes the risks to... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2017 The ecological complexity of the Central and West Asian region gives way to diverse ecosystems
with rich natural resources and hydrocarbon reserves; countries in this region are not only
exposed to... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2017 The focus of this report is on energy storage for the power grid in support of larger
penetration of renewable energy. The emphasis is on energy storage and associated
power electronics that are dep... Section: Reports
by Pramod Jain | On 01 Feb 2017 This report updates by presenting infrastructure investment needs for all
45 DMCs from 2016 to 2030, the final year of the United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals. Two sets of estimates are pre... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2017 In the report there has been progress primarily in two areas: (1) the creation of implementing offices and bodies at the regional and national levels as outlined in the MRAs; and (2) the incorporation... Section: Working Papers
by Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza | On 01 Feb 2017 This paper introduces that the landscape approach has provided a platform for a wide-ranging
discussion about these issues, but has simultaneously opened up the opportunity for a discussion
about su... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2017 This report aims to support ASEAN policymakers and regulatory bodies by examining MRAs signed in other regions to see how well they have functioned on the ground. It focuses on the following issues: D... Section: Reports
by Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza | On 01 Feb 2017 The reports in this series draw on the insights of 387 regional and international experts and practitioners through their
participation in focus group discussions, meetings, and surveys. Contributors... Section: Reports
by Jeanne Batalova | On 01 Feb 2017 The project has dramatically changed the life of Rabeya Sultana, chair of the women-led slum
improvement committee formed under the project in Cox's Bazar. "Managing people and money
gave me more co... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2017 The core emphasis of rules-based fiscal legislation at the subnational level in India is to
achieve debt sustainability through a numerical ceiling on borrowing and the use of borrowed
resources for... Section: Working Papers
by Pinaki Chakraborty | On 01 Jan 2017 The report says that the Government of the Philippines was engaged in delivery of
subsidized credit programs. Since these programs were largely unsuccessful in meeting the objective of
providing sus... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2017 This paper provides background information on the applied methodology and the underlying data of the Asian Water Development Outlook 2016 (AWDO 2016). The purpose is to document the methodology and th... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2017 This paper says that district cooling is feasible in the PRC and deserves further development because it can significantly improve the efficiency of energy use, as well as indoor climate, with energy... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2017 The research focuses on financial exclusion in three segments: base of pyramid (BoP); women; and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). From our research, we estimate that addressing this oppor... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2017 The policies needed to promote financial inclusion in the digital age were discussed
at an international conference held at the Asian Development Bank Institute.
The event took place on 7–8 April 2... Section: Policy Briefs
by Shawn Hunter | On 01 Dec 2016 The paper states that the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is currently undergoing a number of important changes, which have wide-ranging implications for activity in the PRC, the rest of developing A... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 The report says although these MRAs share nearly identical objectives, they diverge significantly in terms of institutional structures, requirements, and procedures. Not all MRAs are created equal. Gl... Section: Reports
by Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza | On 01 Dec 2016 The paper says that the government has already initiated reforms to strengthen the institutional framework for managing contingent liabilities arising from PPP projects. Among these reforms are (i) es... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 The outlook for developing Asia remains broadly as forecast in Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update. Despite an extraordinary and temporary growth dip affecting one of the region’s largest economies,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 The paper mentions that over the 25 years that the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has partnered with Mongolia, the country continues to be defined to a certain extent by its transition to free market re... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 This publication highlights the results of a successful partnership between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) with cofinancing from the... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 The reports notes the regional cooperation and integration (RCI) in Asia and the Pacific continues to evolve, creating an important source for the region’s dynamic growth. This report assesses the RCI... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2016 This issue of the Asia Bond Monitor includes Local currency (LCY) government bond yields in advancedeconomies and emerging East Asia climbed between 31 October and 18 November due to increased concern... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The paper narrates that as local government units (LGUs) have strived to carry out the responsibilities and activities devolved to them by the 1991 Local Government Code, they have explored and availe... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The study recognized the need for consideration of numerous issues when developing ecocompensation regulations. These include (i) provision of guidance for determining the ecocompensation rate; (ii) e... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 This paper draws on the background research by Saumya Mitra. PSDI thanks Erik Aelbers for preparing Appendix 2: Credit Guarantee Schemes in the Pacific, and Melissa Dayrit and Amanda Lucas-Frith for h... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The paper narrates that the bond market in Hong Kong, China has for some time been a significant market place for issuers and investors in both domestic and foreign currencies. The range of product of... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The paper outlines that the sanitation has long been “beneath the radar” on the development agendas of governments worldwide. Aside from the massive investment requirements for putting in place sanita... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 ADB recognizes four types of fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS)—conflict-affected, fragile,transitional, and subnational—and each situation has its own unique set of characteristics, and... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2009 approved the Shanxi Integrated Agricultural Development Project to strengthen agricultural production in 26 counties in Shanxi Province. Complementing the proj... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 The objective of this report is to help governments and multilateral institutions assess and integrate ID systems into their development activities. The intended audience includes government policy ma... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2016 Urbanization has both benefits and costs. In a market economy, the trade-off between
benefits and costs determines the level, speed, and place of urbanization. This paper
summarizes research finding... Section: Working Papers
by Kala Seetharam Sridhar | On 01 Oct 2016 In Pakistan, women work primarily in the home or on the farm. Their participation in work outside these areas, particularly in formal employment, is extremely low. It is possible that some forms of wo... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 The report say that the Singapore bond market has become one of the most developed open capital markets in Asia with over US$221 billion in total local currency bonds outstanding with an additional US... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 The report narrates that the SDGs are integrated and indivisible with a clear focus on equity, including equity focused monitoring and evaluation (M&E), to ensure not only that the targets are being m... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 The paper narrates that the specific needs of the Pacific in the process of urbanization must be recognized and adequately addressed in the post-2015 development agenda. Key priorities include upgradi... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 The paper says that the government has continued to issue bonds since then with the primary objectives being to finance the annual budget deficit, support social and economic development, and restruct... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 According to data published on AsianBondsOnline, total LCY bonds outstanding in Malaysia barely moved in the third quarter of 2015 compared with the previous quarter, standing at MYR1,076 billion at t... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 The paper narrates that the Government of Japan raises significant amounts from domestic capital markets to finance government expenditures, mainly through the issuance of Japanese Government Bonds (J... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 This report assesses the extent to which inclusive business models promote women's economic empowerment. Examples come from the inclusive business portfolios of the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-A... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2016 A skilled and educated workforce can support the competitiveness of enterprises of all sizes.
However, smaller firms may face greater challenges in developing human capital. We
explore differences b... Section: Working Papers
by Paul Vandenberg | On 01 Sep 2016 This Update retains the projections previously published in Asian Development Outlook 2016 (ADO 2016) in March. Gross domestic product (GDP) in the region is expected to grow at 5.7% in 2016 and 2017,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2016 The analysis and practical guidance provided in this report are based on surveys of revenue bodies conducted in 2014 and 2015, along with accompanying research of revenue bodies’ corporate documents,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2016 The report notes that yields for 2-year and 10-year local currency government bonds in emerging East Asia were mostly lower between 1 June and 15 August and stock markets in the region recorded gains... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2016 This study of state-owned enterprises performance in the Pacific emphasizes political commitment to reform as a key driver for commercial results. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2016 This study argues that some of the policies that allowed Bangladesh to prosper in the last few years will become less effective, and the economy will need to “switch gears” to consolidate the growth m... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2016 This study highlights the role played by growing female workforce in the positive economic turnaround in Bangladesh. It is now essential to shift workers to more highly productive sectors through stru... Section: Reports
by Asian Bank | On 01 Sep 2016 This paper estimates a household saving rate equation for India and the Republic of Korea using longterm
time series data for the 1975–2010 period, focusing in particular on the impact of the premari... Section: Working Papers
by Charles Yuji Horioka | On 01 Aug 2016 Tajikistan has sustained high economic growth since its civil war ended in 1997. Real gross domestic product (GDP) during 1997–2015 grew at an average 7.2% a year, driven mainly by agriculture and ser... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2016 This report identifies factors which contribute to collisions that can be addressed by intelligent transport systems technologies in the People’s Republic of China. It examines opportunities for estab... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2016 This publication examines the constraints in developing inland waterway transport (IWT) based on a study in the PRC’s Hunan province. Six major challenges threatening the viability of IWT and its inte... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2016 This note presents a review of Myanmar’s urban transport. It focuses on the country’s main cities, Yangon and Mandalay, where issues are most severe, to also help solve similar problems in secondary c... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises are a backbone of the Philippine economy. One
factor that hinders the growth of these enterprises is their difficulty in accessing finance from
banks and o... Section: Working Papers
by Gary V Maningo | On 01 Jul 2016 Rural roads and rural transport services are fundamental to reducing rural poverty and enabling social and economic development. Evidence from Myanmar, and from around the world, makes it clear that a... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 This report reviews how the road sector in Myanmar can make the greatest contribution to the country’s
national ambitions as possible. It seeks to identify bottlenecks and attempts to formulate possi... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 This report presents a preliminary economic analysis of road user costs and fees, partly drawing from the World Bank’s Road User Charge (RUC) model and analysis framework, and a review of the tolling... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 Myanmar's transport sector institutions are currently ill adapted to the new situation. Although government reform attempts have been in the right direction, more is needed to shape a strong basis for... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 This report includes proposed measures for Myanmar’s road sector, rail sector, river transport, and policy measures, summarizing the costs and benefits of each, ranked by their benefit-to-cost-ratio. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 Growth in Central Asia is weaker than predicted, while expansion in the Pacific is now expected to be a touch higher. Forecasts are unchanged for East, South, and Southeast Asia. While the Brexit vote... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 The project briefs are culled from case studies of good practices, new approaches, and working models on sanitation and wastewater management from different countries, and demonstrate solution options... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2016 In this fourth round of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Corporate Governance initiative of the Asian Development Bank and the ASEAN Capital Markets Forum, over 500 top publicly list... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2016 The rapid growth of urban areas has often resulted in the siting of poorly designed infrastructure and assets in hazard-prone areas, increasing disaster risk. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2016 This report presents current arrangements and initiatives in the country’s skills development strategies. These are complemented by critical analyses to determine key issues, challenges, and opportuni... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2016 This report presents the case study of that project, whose special features include responsiveness to local contexts and to conditions created by conflict, a well-coordinated system for women collecti... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2016 The report says that the global economic environment also affects the region’s bond yields, emphasizing the importance of domestic macroeconomic stability and bond market resilience in the face of glo... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2016 This report summarizes the investments in clean energy made by ADB in 2015, condensing information from project databases and formal reports in an easy-to-reference format. This report was prepared by... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2016 This report narrates that ADB has scaled up its assistance to Papua New Guinea for power infrastructure, with an emphasis on clean energy solutions, in line with the government’s prioritization of pow... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2016 The report narrates that the Sanjiang Plain wetlands are among the most important wetlands in the People’s Republic of China with unique habitats, species, and ecology. There is a considerable body of... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2016 The study examines the Philippine government’s convergence initiative, and how it relates to community-driven development (CDD) that can impact rural communities in the Philippines. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2016 The report sets out the experience, analysis and conclusions of VisionFund International and their Philippine microfinance operation Community Economic Ventures Incorporated (CEVI). This analysis foll... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2016 This paper evaluates housing policy in the Republic of Korea over the past several decades, describes new challenges arising from the changing environment, and draws lessons for other countries. The m... Section: Working Papers
by Kyung-Hwan Kim | On 01 Apr 2016 This study investigates the economic growth and catch-up of the Republic of Korea over the
past half-century. The gap of output per worker between the Republic of Korea and United
States has decreas... Section: Working Papers
by Jong-Wha Lee | On 01 Apr 2016 In modern society, the possession of a personal official identification (ID) is critical to an individual’s access to government services, and social and economic programs. From voting to receipt of s... Section: Policy Briefs
by Michael Stahl | On 01 Apr 2016 The report as that there are currently 17 emissions trading systems (ETS) in place in four continents and account for nearly 40% of global gross domestic product. In Asia and the Pacific region, there... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2016 Despite the initiatives of the Finance Commission of India, fiscal performance has been deteriorating and increasingly diverging across Indian states. Given that the state governments are endowed with... Section: Working Papers
by Panchanan Das | On 01 Mar 2016 Housing policies in Japan after World War II were focused on the quantitative supply of houses with a wide range of targeted groups and public rental houses. The Japan Housing Corporation (now the Urb... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kobayashi | On 01 Mar 2016 As an important global and regional economic power, the PRC’s growth slowdown may cause large spillover effects to its neighboring economies. Using a multi-sectoral global computable general equilibri... Section: Working Papers
by Fan Zhai | On 01 Mar 2016 This study reviews two methods of measuring poverty dynamics. The components approach uses the
longitudinally averaged income to determine whether a household is chronically poor or not. On the
othe... Section: Working Papers
by Arturo Martinez Jr. | On 01 Mar 2016 This report describes Indonesia’s electrification environment and identifies barriers to achieving universal electricity access. Principles drawn from international best practices such as government c... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2016 The paper narrates that the risks are tilted to the downside as tightening US monetary policy may heighten financial volatility, further moderation in the People’s Republic of China could spill over i... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2016 This report examines the current use of DFS in the Pacific, analyzes the issues that need to be addressed, and provides recommendations for increasing financial inclusion in the region. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2016 This report measures the size of associated subsidies on these fossil fuels including direct transfers, tax exemptions, subsidized credit, and losses of state enterprises in India, Indonesia, and Thai... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2016 The report narrates that the yields of local currency bonds in most emerging East Asian markets remained on a downward trajectory in the first month and a half of 2016, pressured by worries over globa... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2016 Indonesia has experienced robust, sustained growth over the past 30 years, accompanied by swift socioeconomic change. However, Indonesian women have remained only moderately engaged in the labor marke... Section: Working Papers
by Simone Schaner | On 01 Feb 2016 This paper introduces a model of gender inequality and economic growth that focuses on the determination of women’s time allocation among market production, home production, child rearing, and child e... Section: Working Papers
by Jinyoung Kim | On 01 Feb 2016 This paper empirically tests the role of search frictions in driving qualification mismatches in the labor market. Using new data from several low-income economies in urban Asia we find that overeduca... Section: Working Papers
by Kenn Chua | On 01 Feb 2016 This report examines how existing implementation structures established under ADB and National Government investment programs could be used to channel subnational government resources toward priority... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2016 This report examines the challenges ASEAN member states face in achieving the goal of greater mobility for the highly skilled, including hurdles in recognizing professional qualifications, opening up... Section: Reports
by Demetrios G. Papademetriou | On 01 Feb 2016 This report summarizes outcomes of collaboration between ADB and implementing agencies of Bhutan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Philippines, and Viet Nam to address gaps in the production of a... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2016 This brief reports on civil society organization (CSO) engagements of ADB in 2014, highlighting representative ADB operations and technical assistance projects approved or ongoing in 2014 that have CS... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2016 This report summarizes outcomes of collaboration between ADB and implementing agencies of Bhutan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Philippines, and Viet Nam to address gaps in the production of a... Section: Reports
by Asian Bank | On 01 Jan 2016 This paper presents a theoretical model that can analyze the impact of gender inequality on long-term economic growth. Section: Working Papers
by Jinyoung Kim | On 01 Jan 2016 Is leadership diversified in Asian corporate boardrooms? How is gender diversity in corporate leadership associated with financial performance? What is the magnitude of potential gain by allocating hu... Section: Working Papers
by Meijun Qian | On 01 Jan 2016 The Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project in Bangladesh became the first initiative to successfully incorporate beneficiary participation into all aspects of managi... Section: Reports
by Asian Bank | On 01 Jan 2016 This report describes how applying community-driven development principles to managing the water resource can both expand livelihood opportunities available to beneficiaries at no additional cost to t... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2016 The report summarizes important lessons learned and policy implications from the first year of Village Law implementation. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2016 The paper suggests that the impacts of climate change in Southeast Asia may be larger than previously estimated, possibly reaching 11% of gross domestic product by 2100. Section: Reports
by David Raitzer | On 01 Jan 2016 The report herein provide in-depth analysis of the state of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Nepal. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2016 This paper will address why the Japanese economy has been trapped in a prolonged slowdown and will provide some remedies for revitalizing the economy. Section: Working Papers
by Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary | On 01 Dec 2015 Infrastructure plays a key role in facilitating trade, especially since recent trade liberalization in Asia has resulted in significant tariff reductions. This study quantifies the impacts of both har... Section: Working Papers
by Jamilah Mahyideen | On 01 Dec 2015 The paper says that Sri Lanka has emerged in recent years as one of the most dynamic countries in South Asia. With a rich cultural heritage, an increasingly sophisticated work force, and a strategic l... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 The report also includes critical analyses to determine key issues, challenges, and opportunities for innovative strategies toward global competitiveness, increased productivity, and inclusive growth. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 This report draws lessons from how Asian economic giants India and the People’s Republic of China leveraged education and skills development to advance economic growth. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 This report identifies some of Thailand’s critical development constraints and discusses policy measures and economic reforms needed to accelerate economic transformation toward a more modern and serv... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 The paper says that preparing and implementing a K–12 transition absorbs considerable financial and human resources. It follows that the reasons for restructuring must be compelling. Section: Reports
by Jouko Sarvi | On 01 Dec 2015 This report, a joint effort of the Asian Development Bank and the International Labour Organization, seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the context, constraints, and opportunities for increasin... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 The report narrates that early adoption of information and communication technology can allow developing countries in Asia and the Pacific to move from labor-intensive, natural resources-based to know... Section: Reports
by Jouko Sarvi | On 01 Dec 2015 This study informs decision makers regarding major climate change risks to development and provides feasible policy recommendations for consideration to increase resilience and reduce vulnerability in... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 This desk review explores the links between infrastructure development and women’s time poverty in Asia and the Pacific by drawing on time-use data and reviewing existing research and evidence from im... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 The report narrates that the related technical assistance has focused on infrastructure management, financial and private sector development, preparations for regional economic integration, and region... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 This paper presents a summary of a technical assistance project on the development of disaster risk financing solutions for the cities of Can Tho and Hue and, by extension, for other cities in Viet Na... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2015 Intense climate-related disasters—floods, storms, droughts, and heat waves—have been on the rise worldwide. At the same time and coupled with an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atm... Section: Working Papers
by Vinod Thomas | On 01 Nov 2015 Is there an ominous link between the global increase of the hydrometeorological and climatological events on the one side and anthropogenic climate change on the other? This paper considers three main... Section: Working Papers
by Vinod Thomas | On 01 Nov 2015 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is experiencing a trend toward population concentration in its large coastal cities. However, at the same time, there is also a distortion of city size toward smal... Section: Working Papers
by Zhao Chen | On 01 Nov 2015 Empirical studies on pharmaceuticals pricing across countries have found evidence that prices vary according to per capita income. These studies are typically based on survey data from a subset of cou... Section: Working Papers
by Toshiaki Aizawa | On 01 Nov 2015 This report is an assessment of the potential, the barriers and the challenges in demonstrating and deploying Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the People's Republic of China. It identifies unique l... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 The report says Fiji’s economy has seen 5 years of positive growth since 2010 - one of its few episodes of sustained growth since 1970. Growth averaged 3.3% a year during 2010-2014, which is nearly fo... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 This study, using an inclusive growth framework, has identified the critical constraints that Fiji needs to address to strengthen investor sentiment even further and achieve inclusive growth. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 This report identifies six key shifts and trends that have had critical implications on either skills supply and/or skills demand in Asia, thereby straining the previous alignment in this regard. Section: Reports
by Sungsup Ra | On 01 Nov 2015 The report says that yields for 10-year local currency (LCY) government bonds in emerging East Asia were mostly down between 1 September and 31 October. Investor confidence was buoyed as financial mar... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 This publication is part of a series of six country reports on technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Each report presents cur... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 This report will help improve the quality of the workforce; enhance employability, productivity, and remuneration, leading to higher economic growth. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 The report says that Cambodia’s growth in the last 20 years has been remarkable and the lives of its people have improved substantially. But low-cost labor advantages on a narrow economic base have dr... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2015 This paper studies how status competition for marriage partners can generate surprising effects on the real exchange rate (RER). In theory, a rise in the sex ratio (increasing relative surplus of men)... Section: Working Papers
by Qingyuan Du | On 01 Oct 2015 This case study documents key gender equality issues as well as key achievements and lessons from a project carried out in post conflict Sri Lanka as part of urgently needed reconstruction. The Improv... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 Globalized production networks, or global value chains, provide an opportunity for small and medium enterprises to upscale their business models and to grow across borders, though with global opportun... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 The objective of this paper is to examine the nature and magnitude of the effects of infrastructure provision on regional economic performance. The empirical evidence of the analysis is based on diffe... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 01 Oct 2015 Employing the panel convergence method of Phillips and Sul (2007) to the nominal deviation indicators of two recent unofficial constructions of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU) index, this paper examines... Section: Working Papers
by Kefei You | On 01 Oct 2015 This paper explores the long-term challenges for trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The region has emerged as an important production base... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 01 Oct 2015 This report focuses on the relatively complex account structure and drawdown rules of the two funds, which are the same in the CTFs of the RMI and the FSM. Using an investment return simulation model,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 This publication continues the ADB’s analysis of lake and wetland rehabilitation in the People’s Republic of China and examines how the current situation in the Chao Lake Basin compares with internati... Section: Reports
by All-India Drug Action Network (AIDAN) | On 01 Oct 2015 This report provides an discussion on a range of important issues in the interchange hub design. It also provides a general approach in developing a good interchange hub. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 This study measures the size of fossil fuel subsidies such as tax breaks for diesel and natural gas, market price support for natural gas for vehicles, and free electricity for low-income consumers as... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 This study measures the size of fossil fuel subsidies such as underpricing of petroleum products and electricity, tax exemptions, and subsidized credit; examines the potential economic, energy, and en... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 This case study looks at the gender dimensions of two projects that focus on the community development component that advocated community participation, social inclusion, and gender equality in commun... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 This publication offers a snapshot of the region’s energy sources and how they are used, and presents recent developments and challenges that emphasize the urgency and necessity of sustainable energy... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2015 The results of the study indicate that climate change will likely have significant negative impacts on agricultural output in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. Section: Reports
by M.W. Rosegrant | On 01 Oct 2015 Agriculture and food security should be viewed in the context of the broader economic transformation in Asia and the Pacific. In particular, the adoption of food security policies that address both im... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This report summarizes the initial activities of the Regional Hub, and contextualizes the challenges in Asia and the Pacific with the global efforts to reach the 2030 targets. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 The publication reviews recent developments in East Asian local currency bond markets along with the outlook, risks, and policy options. This issue includes a special section on Sukuk (Islamic bonds)... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This report presents country-case studies for Bangladesh, Georgia, and Viet Nam focusing on growing evidences in the development of financial soundness indicators to effectively monitor the financial... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 The results of this study can be used to strengthen the institutional and statistical capacities of Viet Nam to routinely collect, compile, analyze, and disseminate internationally comparable FSIs tha... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 The results of this study can be used to strengthen the institutional and statistical capacities of Georgia to routinely collect, compile, analyze, and disseminate internationally comparable financial... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This report describes the conduct of the cost-benefit analysis of climate proofing investment projects. An important message is that the presence of uncertainty about climate change does not invalidat... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This publication is complemented by critical analyses to determine key issues, challenges, and opportunities for innovative strategies toward global competitiveness, increased productivity, and inclus... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 The report says that the ASEAN+3 Multi-Currency Bond Issuance Framework (AMBIF) is a policy initiative under the Asian Bond Markets Initiative (ABMI) to help facilitate intraregional transactions thro... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This publication reviews various country aspects of SME finance covering the banking sector, nonbank sector, and capital markets. It is expected to support evidence-based policy making and regulations... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2015 This report presents the industrial cluster development policy of the Republic of Korea and draws lessons from that experience for South Asia. It briefly reviews Korean industrial policy since the 196... Section: Working Papers
by Jong-il Kim | On 01 Aug 2015 The paper highlights the importance of “broad-based growth” as a framework to support economic growth and inclusiveness at the same time. Different countries show different dynamics between economic g... Section: Working Papers
by Jong Woo Kang | On 01 Aug 2015 cientists are forecasting that there may be a severe El Niño weather event lasting through mid- 2016. For Indonesia, El Niño events are associated with prolonged drought, with adverse effects on food... Section: Working Papers
by Steven Tabor Tabor | On 01 Aug 2015 This paper discusses the current status of financial inclusion, education, and regulation in the Philippines and measures to foster financial inclusion. The primary policy challenge faced by the gover... Section: Working Papers
by Gilberto M. Llanto | On 01 Aug 2015 This publication is a continuation of the APWF Framework Document on Water and Climate Change Adaptation, developed for leaders and policy-makers in Asia and the Pacific in 2012. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2015 The report says that the bond investors typically have a long position in local currency bond markets. To manage their foreign exchange risk, they may want to hedge that exposure for a period of time. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2015 This report provides support to the Maldivian government in formulating its high-priority policies by identifying the critical constraints to achieving inclusive growth. The report also provides polic... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2015 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) implemented a Fuel Tax Reform in 2009 that made significant changes to the way the country funds and delivers its ‘ordinary road’ program. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Aug 2015 The report presents the (i) safeguard systems of Bhutan, India and Nepal; (ii) differences in national safeguard laws and institutional processes with the Asian Development Bank’s safeguards policy; (... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 This report takes stock of how AfT has contributed to these trends and considers some constructive ways to move forward, to continue to address trade costs in Asia and the Pacific. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 This study was undertaken under ABMI. It addresses two key questions: (i) Why is local currency bond financing not more widely used for infrastructure projects in ASEAN+3? and (ii) What can be done to... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 Renewable energy is a challenge, but also an opportunity for new industries, employment, and new ways to reduce dependency on fuel imports, provide electricity to poor remote areas, reduce air polluti... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 Greater gains in energy savings are possible from improved energy efficiency and conservation measures, both as a smart business investment, and an imperative for the global community. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 The report provides outlines of business models relevant to pursuing the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets adopted by the five Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Cambodia, the Lao People... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 The growth forecast for developing countries in Asia in 2015 is cut to 6.1% from 6.3%, amidst slower-than-expected economic activity in the United States and the People’s Republic of China. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 This report explores some of the ways forward. It highlights not just the need to inject more money into investments that contribute to sustainable development, but also to attract funds toward them—t... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 This annual publication showcases the results of knowledge management initiatives of the East Asia Department of the Asian Development Bank in 2014. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2015 Obtaining universal health coverage (UHC) has been widely embraced in Asia and the Pacific. UHC is essential to inclusive growth, health security, and sustainable economic development. To achieve UHC,... Section: Policy Briefs
by Susann Roth | On 01 Jun 2015 The Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project aimed at expanding the coverage of improved water supply and sanitation facilities to poor and remote areas, and improving health and hyg... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The impact of urbanization on growth and equality, and on urban and rural poverty are well-documented but do not discuss alternative models of urbanization.
While the relationship between urbanizat... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The report narrates that the local currency bond market in emerging East Asia continued to expand in 1Q15 to reach US$8.3 trillion at end-March. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 This report presents a framework for sustainable energy access planning that planners and policy makers can use to design cost-effective clean energy supply systems that both poor and nonpoor can sust... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The project developed a gender, caste, and ethnicity (GCE) strategy that sought to ensure the participation of women and ethnic minorities in decision-making processes, as well as their increased repr... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The report narrates that in Bangladesh, women-owned SMEs have different characteristics when compared with men-owned SMEs and tend to face specific challenges and obstacles. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The project provided preventative and curative services, including access to immunization, reproductive health services, limited curative care, nutrition-related services, community outreach on health... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 This report summarizes the investments in clean energy made by the operations departments of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2014. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 The Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement Project sought to provide basic services of water supply, sanitation, and garbage collection and disposal in four cities in Madhya Pradesh, India. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jun 2015 India has developed and tested various mechanisms and processes for more effective public-private partnerships in the roads sector, with the goal of achieving an optimal balance of value-for-money and... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 This is a historic year: the end of 2015 is the target date for the Millennium Development Goals. Since 2001, governments across Asia and the Pacific have been striving to meet ambitious goals that ai... Section: Reports
by Economic and Social Commission for Asia Pacific ESCAP | On 01 May 2015 This report assesses the state of progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and then considers how the international community can embark on a post-2015 development agenda and do so in an in... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 Cambodia has made great strides toward sustained rapid and inclusive economic growth since its political environment stabilized in 1999. Its 7.8% average annual growth since then has dramatically brou... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 The government has taken unprecedented steps to create a basic framework to achieve its long-term objective of improving water quality in Chao Lake and protecting and maintaining all of its economic,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is poised to continue developing at a significant pace. The subregion is well placed to benefit from the emerging Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Com... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 This report aims to support the national carbon emission reduction plan in railway station buildings; to learn and make use of the advanced technologies in international building management; and to en... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 May 2015 Japan has suffered from sluggish economic growth and recession since the 1990s, a phenomenon dubbed “Japan’s Lost Decade.” The People’s Republic of China, many countries in the eurozone, and the Unite... Section: Working Papers
by Naoyuki Yoshino | On 01 Apr 2015 This report describes the development of financial soundness indicators for Bangladesh and analyzes how these can help identify key challenges to support financial sector stability in the country. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2015 ABMI aims to develop efficient and liquid bond markets in Asia, which would enable better utilization of Asian savings for Asian investments. ABMI can also contribute to the mitigation of currency and... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2015 The objective of this study is to systematically assess the prevalence of different types of fossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia and analyze the potential impacts of their removal. It is hoped that thi... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2015 Aid for Trade (AfT) flows have increased each year since 2006 in the region. And while regional aggregate trade costs continue to fall, many subregions continue to struggle with trade costs that are s... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2015 According to the Asian Development Outlook 2015, India is forecast to overtake China in terms of economic growth as the initial phase of government efforts to remove structural bottlenecks is lifting... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 24 Mar 2015 The paper assesses the current status of governance institutions in Myanmar, as well as their performance, in comparison to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and selected other countr... Section: Working Papers
by Cullen Hendrix | On 01 Mar 2015 Recent years have witnessed a large number of studies and reports aimed generally at providing estimates of the economic costs of climate change and of the economic costs of adaptation to climate chan... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2015 The education systems in Asia, including technical and vocational education and training (TVET), were well suited at the time to allow Asia to become the world’s assembly line. In simple terms, formal... Section: Reports
by Sungsup Ra | On 01 Mar 2015 The objective of this study is to systematically assess the prevalence of different types of fossil fuel subsidies in Thailand and analyze the potential impacts of their removal. It is hoped that this... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2015 This report recommends the creation of a National Roads and Funding Administration and a central road trust fund with dedicated revenues; changes to roles and responsibilities of different levels of g... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2015 This report is a summary of the major policy issues raised at discussions among experts and practitioners from various international organizations and several Asian countries at the Third Roundtable o... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 This brief provides an overview of civil society in Myanmar. With a view to strengthening ADB cooperation with civil society organizations, the NGO and Civil Society Center periodically prepares repor... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 Improving the quality of skills among its labor force will help further economic growth in Bangladesh. Thus, there is an urgent need to provide better access to TVET to help increase productivity and... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 This report discusses the experiences and commonly encountered issues when developing railway interchange hubs. It proposes basic design principles as well as research approaches. The report focuses o... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 This case study covers two related projects funded by the Asian Development Bank: the North East Coastal Community Development Project (NECCDP), which aimed to improve sustainable livelihood and natur... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 This report identifies four critical constraints to inclusive growth in the Maldives: (1) inadequate and poor quality maritime infrastructure that constrains connectivity, limits provision of basic go... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Feb 2015 The challenge of aligning higher education services (programs) with evolving labor market changes, and responding to knowledge-based economy of respective developing countries, has been difficult for... Section: Reports
by Jouko Sarvi | On 01 Jan 2015 Disaster risk now presents one of the most serious threats to inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic development. Coupled with anticipated increases in the frequency and intensity of weather-related... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 The focus is on South Asia and the starting point of inquiry is on 33 projects that illustrate the roles and forms of NGO and CBO engagement in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The rep... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 The report herein provide in-depth analysis of the state of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and higher education in Nepal. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 This report identifies the main constraints to Thailand’s transition to a more modern industrial and service economy. Further major transformation is in order: this includes accelerating market reform... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 This report provides evidence from three quite different cities in ADB’s Central and West Asia region of the prevalence of women being harassed on public transport. It goes on to show the impacts of t... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 Despite clear aspirations by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to create an effective framework to facilitate movements among skilled professionals within the ASEAN Economic Community... Section: Reports
by Demetrios G. Papademetriou | On 01 Jan 2015 Sri Lanka has emerged in recent years as one of the most dynamic countries in South Asia. With a rich cultural heritage, an increasingly sophisticated work force, and a strategic location that links A... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Bank | On 01 Jan 2015 Asia has been continuously growing, and this growth has alleviated poverty and increased the number of middle income countries in the region. However, the recent regional and global economic slowdown... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 The 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2008 global financial and economic crisis further demonstrated the importance of financial stability. Both crises showed how balance sheets of financial institu... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 This report is the outcome of the regional technical assistance on Strengthening Institutional Capacity to Compile and Analyze Financial Soundness Indicators for Investment Climate Assessment (RETA 77... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 The opportunities for SMEs in global value chains are enormous. Participation in value chains exposes them to a large customer/buyer base, as well as opportunities to learn from large firms and from e... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2015 In 2007, Bangladesh was adversely affected by severe flooding and a devastating cyclone which triggered a
1.2 million-ton shortfall in the country’s rice production. This situation resu... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2014 The publication captures the core of ADB's operations in India and showcases select ADB interventions that are helping the government achieve its development goals.
ADB supports the Government of I... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2014 In this paper People’s Republic of China’s (PRC’s) potential growth rate during the last 30 years is analysed. The PRC’s potential growth rate is not demand constrained, in particular by the balance... Section: Working Papers
by Juzhong Zhuang | On 01 Nov 2014 This study projects government spending on education, health care, and social protection in developing Asia up to 2050 as a result of demographic changes and economic growth. Section: Working Papers
by Sang-Hyop Lee | On 01 Nov 2014 The Royal Government of Cambodia is grateful for the timely conduct of the study. The ideas and findings in this report will certainly be useful in providing inputs to support and operationalize the R... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Nov 2014 This report discusses specific climate change impact and vulnerabilities, and identifies technologies needed to help reduce those vulnerabilities. Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Oct 2014 This paper on Urban Poverty in Asia looks at the different dimensions of poverty in Asia, both income and nonincome, its two main regions, including a brief account of who and what class of people are... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2014 In 2010, Cambodia outlined a plan aimed at developing its rice sector into a major rice exporting country. The rice sector was chosen due to comparative advantages in land, perceptions of significant... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2014 This paper examines norms about gender equality of the education of children and adults in Bangladesh using a recent household survey for two cohorts of married women. Education norms are found to dif... Section: Discussion Papers
by Niels-Hugo Blunch | On 01 Aug 2014 This document highlights the key features of Budget 2014-15. It also shows the current economic situations and challenges that India is facing Section: Working Papers
by Government of India GOI | On 18 Jun 2014 Most of the trade between South Asia and Southeast Asia is by sea. However, with improved infrastructure and easier border crossing procedures, land traffic could grow to boost trade in goods, service... Section: Working Papers
by Jean-Francois Gautrin Gautrin | On 27 May 2014 This paper discusses Japan’s strategy for Asian monetary integration. It argues that Japan faces three major policy challenges when promoting intraregional exchange rate stability. First, there must b... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 01 Apr 2014 The paper provides the Sri Lankan perspective of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) highlighting both the positive outcomes and the negative aspects. The paper shows that the FTA has worked in favor of Sr... Section: Working Papers
by Saman Kelegama | On 01 Feb 2014 This review and compendium of our country’s environmental laws, policies, and regulations aims to enhance the accessibility to information by judges, lawyers, government officials, and stakeholders in... Section: Reports
by Antonia Gawel | On 01 Feb 2014 The relationship between governance and economic development is one of the most important areas of research in international development. Much of the
previous literature has focused on whether better... Section: Working Papers
by Kunal Sen | On 01 Jan 2014 It is vital for countries to identify climate risks, reduce these risks through mitigation, and adapt to these risks—thereby increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability. This study informs decisi... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2014 Consolidates information on fisheries and aquaculture using a regional lens and analytical tools. Cover the Coral Triangle countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Island... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2014 Public finance systems in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have evolved substantially over the last three decades. The evolution is continuing, with wide-ranging reforms in budget and debt managem... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2014 Lack of access to electricity and modern cooking fuels constitutes energy poverty. Access to modern energy requires improved technologies and financing
instruments and sources. The pro-poor public–pr... Section: Working Papers
by Benjamin Sovacool | On 01 Dec 2013 This paper reviews the channels through which empowerment may improve the efficiency and quality of public service delivery, particularly in developing Asia. Departing from a macro perspective, we foc... Section: Working Papers
by Guo Xu | On 01 Dec 2013 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Sustainability Report has been issued every 2 years since 2007. The current Sustainability Report contains selected performance highlights of ADB’s operations and corp... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2013 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has supported increased access to energy through the most cost-effective method—by expanding the electricity grid. Yet in this second decade of the 21st century, when... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2013 his country brief highlights how ADB operations have helped support Bhutan’s efforts in advancing socioeconomic development.
Since Bhutan became a member in 1982, ADB has provided $486.29 million i... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2013 This brief provides an overview of civil society in Sri Lanka. With a view to strengthening ADB cooperation with civil society organizations, the NGO and Civil Society Center periodically prepares rep... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Dec 2013 We conduct an empirical analysis on the impact of the United States (US) antidumping actions against the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the bilateral trade and US imports from other trade partner... Section: Working Papers
by Minsoo Lee | On 01 Oct 2013 The problems of food security and agriculture should be viewed within the context of the broader structural transformation as Asia becomes increasingly urban and nonagricultural. This paper aims to re... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Bank | On 01 Oct 2013 We analyze the relationship between food security and trade, focusing on food importers’ exposure to sudden market failures from relying on a narrow range of
international suppliers. We compute a bil... Section: Working Papers
by Douglas H. Brooks | On 01 Sep 2013 Many countries adopted safety net programs to deal with the food crisis of 2008. However, such programs are often beset with targeting errors, inefficiencies, and
fraud. Despite this, there is no sys... Section: Working Papers
by Shikha Jha | On 01 Sep 2013 The paper discusses the key health challenges in the post 2015 development agenda for Asia and the Pacific, a highly populated, diverse region of countries with different health needs and priorities.... Section: Working Papers
by Yanzhong Huang | On 01 Sep 2013 Gender equity is one of the five drivers of change in the Asian Development Bank(ADB) Strategy 2020. ADB recognizes that without harnessing the talents, human capital and economics potential of women,... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Sep 2013 Extrapolating from past trends, and taking to account emerging conditions, many countries of developing Asia will be expected to move on to the next phase of agricultural development; however even in... Section: Working Papers
by Roehlano M. Briones | On 01 Aug 2013 This report explores how gender equality can contribute to food security. Its focus is on Asia and the Pacific, though developments in other regions are also referenced. The report describes the relat... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jul 2013 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is expected to benefit from the significant growth in the Asia-Pacific payments market. Growth in economic activity would increase the size, scale, a... Section: Working Papers
by Tanai Khiaonarong | On 01 May 2013 This paper focuses on the pricing behavior of Japanese and United States firms selling their identical products in New York City, Chicago, Osaka, and Tokyo. The authors utilize some simple models of i... Section: Working Papers
by K.C. Fung | On 01 Apr 2013 The study considers key trends, in terms of disaster incidence, sources of vulnerability, and social and economic impacts. This is followed by discussions of some of the major issues: compound disaste... Section: Working Papers
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2013 The rapid economic growth in the region consisting of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and India has begun to change the strategic landscape of... Section: Working Papers
by C. Raja Mohan | On 01 Mar 2013 This paper discusses the financial landscape of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a region engaged in building an economic community (a “single market and production base”) by 2015.... Section: Working Papers
by Choong Lee | On 01 Mar 2013 This paper explores the “black box” of innovation in the electronics production network in East Asia through a mapping exercise of technological capabilities and an econometric analysis of exporting i... Section: Working Papers
by Ganeshan Wignaraja | On 01 Mar 2013 Empirical evidence suggests that the emergence of international production networks in East Asia results from market-driven forces such as vertical specialization and higher production costs in the ho... Section: Working Papers
by Kornkarun Cheewatrakoolpong | On 01 Feb 2013 Increasing job opportunities and decent work for women are essential for inclusive growth, and they are vital for advancing economic and social development in a country. This approach to attaining eco... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2013 This essay provides a game-theoretic, endogenous view of institutions, and then applies the idea to identify the sources of institutional trajectories of economic development in China, Japan, and Kore... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiko Aoki | On 01 Nov 2012 This paper attempts to identify lifestyle changes at the individual level, and behavioral changes at the community level that could offer high carbon abatement potential. It also provides some good pr... Section: Working Papers
by Brahmanand Mohanty | On 01 Nov 2012 Financial safety nets in Asia have come a long way since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) of 1997–98. Not wanting to rely solely on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) again, the Chiang Mai Initiati... Section: Working Papers
by Hal Hill | On 01 Nov 2012 The rise of regional monetary arrangements poses a challenge for the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s global surveillance efforts. This paper reviews how the IMF has responded to earlier regional i... Section: Working Papers
by Barry Eichengreen | On 01 Nov 2012 This paper examines the impact of sectorial reforms on current account imbalances, with a special focus on the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In particular, we investigate to what extent reforms pe... Section: Working Papers
by Hiro Ito | On 01 Nov 2012 This paper considers two major issues that need to be treated as matters of urgency. First, internal (within country) migrations in the Asian (ACI) region are mostly undocumented and large. It is show... Section: Working Papers
by E J Wilson | On 01 Oct 2012 This paper discusses the relevance of Basel III to Asian emerging markets. It reviews some of the proposed regulations of Basel III in order to evaluate their likely implications for, and their abilit... Section: Working Papers
by Tarisa Watanagase | On 01 Oct 2012 The paper examines the debates and makes specific policy recommendations by which regionalism, the engagement of small states (through the role of Singapore and the 3-G coalition), and the expansion o... Section: Working Papers
by Andrew F Cooper | On 01 Aug 2012 Rapid ageing of the population globally represents an unprecedented historical trend. As pension and healthcare costs are positively correlated with rising incomes, ageing, urbanization, and a shift f... Section: Working Papers
by Azad Singh Bali | On 01 Aug 2012 This paper discusses the scope of the many challenges and sets out a long-term strategy for overcoming them and putting the Japanese economy on a stable growth path. [Working Paper No. 376]. URL:[http... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 01 Aug 2012 A key lesson of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis (GFC) was the importance of containing systemic financial risk and the need for a “macroprudential” approach to surveillance and regulation that c... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 01 Aug 2012 Developing Asia is the driver of today's emissions intensive global economy. As the principle source of future emissions, the region is critical to the task of global climate change mitigation. Reflec... Section: Working Papers
by Stephen Howes | On 10 Jul 2012 Green growth entails several different kinds of processes: conversion to low-carbon energy, climate resilience, and response to climate shocks. Equity implies a fair sharing of the costs, within count... Section: Working Papers
by Jeffrey D. Sachs | On 01 Jul 2012 Rapid trade-led economic growth in emerging Asia has been shifting the global economic and industrial centres of gravity away from the north Atlantic, raising the importance of Asia in world trade but... Section: Working Papers
by Kym Anderson | On 01 Jul 2012 This paper undertakes econometric analysis of innovation, learning, and exporting in automobiles and electronics firms in the PRC using a large-scale dataset to identify the most appropriate innovatio... Section: Working Papers
by Ganeshan Wignaraja | On 01 Jul 2012 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are under scrutiny for their engagement in production networks following recent emphasis on increasing intra-reg... Section: Working Papers
by Ganeshan Wignaraja | On 30 Jun 2012 This paper reviews some of the current debates on the reform of the international monetary system. Despite its deficiencies, the United States (US) dollar will remain the dominant currency and Special... Section: Working Papers
by Yung Chul Park | On 01 Jun 2012 Pension assets have seen rapid growth world-wide over the past decades, although they suffered large losses during the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. Such growth is notably due to both structur... Section: Working Papers
by Yuwei Hu | On 30 May 2012 Regional governance systems and national frameworks to address climate change and accelerate green growth in Asia are reviewed and tools to address climate change are outlined. Options for regional le... Section: Working Papers
by Heinrich-Wilhelm Wyes | On 08 May 2012 A broad overview of the current state of pension systems in the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam is provided. An anal... Section: Working Papers
by Donghyun Park | On 30 Apr 2012 The PRC’s leading position in high-tech exports is a myth created by outdated trade statistics which are inconsistent with trade based on global supply chains. It is argued that a value-added-based ap... Section: Working Papers
by Yuqing Xing | On 21 Apr 2012 The audiovisual sector is a significant component of the economy in terms of wealth creation and employment and audiovisual industries also play an important cultural role. This study reviews the main... Section: Working Papers
by Gillian Doyle | On 20 Apr 2012 This paper discusses what is longevity risk, why it is important, approaches used by the West to manage longevity risk and what lessons can be learnt by Asian countries from the experiences of the Wes... Section: Working Papers
by Amlan Roy | On 16 Apr 2012 Thailand has made significant progresses toward green and low-carbon development; however, there is a need to further address the issue. The country has to focus on the implementation of no-regret pol... Section: Working Papers
by Qwanruedee Chotichanathawewong | On 12 Apr 2012 This paper reviews economic development and the regulatory environment of audiovisual services in the Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea). The paper specifically examines motion pictures and broadcas... Section: Working Papers
by Yeongkwan Song | On 12 Apr 2012 The main objective of this paper is to explore the potential role of social pensions and other noncontributory schemes in Asia, informed by insights from theory and international experience. The paper... Section: Working Papers
by Armando Barrientos | On 11 Apr 2012 Food insecurity, or the inability to access food of sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy minimum dietary needs, is the most basic form of human deprivation. Before people can provide for their e... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Apr 2012 The purpose of this report is twofold. First, a compendium of relevant data is presented on the state of the services sector in the ACI (ASEAN, PRC and India) countries, focusing on its contribution t... Section: Working Papers
by Ben Shepherd | On 11 Mar 2012 The developing economies of Asia are confronted by serious environmental problems that threaten to undermine future growth, food security, and regional stability. This study considers four major envir... Section: Working Papers
by Stephen Howes | On 28 Feb 2012 This paper argues that the collective action in Asia by its regional organizations has historically
suffered from a “capability–legitimacy gap”: a disjuncture between the capability (in terms of
mat... Section: Working Papers
by Amitav Acharya | On 17 Feb 2012 The increasing occurrence of national, regional, and global financial crises, together with their rising costs and complexity, have increased calls for greater regional and global monetary cooperation... Section: Working Papers
by Mario Lamberte | On 12 Feb 2012 Based on the variable rate of gross domestic product per capita growth and its sources, this
paper first identifies five phases of economic development that are common to China, Japan,
and Korea: M... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiko Aoki | On 30 Dec 2011 The paper reviews selected initiatives taken by Asian countries to comply with emerging global sustainability standards, reporting, and management systems, and tracks the response of Asian businesses... Section: Working Papers
by Venkatachalam Anbumozhi | On 26 Dec 2011 Services have been a key driver of overall economic growth in South Asia since the 1990s. This paper examines how the growth of services output, trade and investment have affected service sector emplo... Section: Working Papers
by Rupa Chanda | On 01 Dec 2011 This policy brief takes a preliminary look at portability of social
security in ASEAN, particularly old-age, retirement, and
survivor benefits. The next section discusses the growth of
intra-ASEAN... Section: Policy Briefs
by Gloria O. Pasadilla | On 18 Nov 2011 The Impossible Trinity doctrine still holds a powerful sway over policymakers, advisors
(particularly the International Monetary Fund [IMF]) and academia. In East Asia over the past
decade, however,... Section: Working Papers
by Stephen Grenville | On 14 Nov 2011 This paper examines three software and/or information technology enabled services (ITES) industries—two in the early stages of development (in the People’s Republic of China [PRC] and the Philippines)... Section: Working Papers
by F Ted Tschang | On 24 Oct 2011 This paper analyzes the impacts of the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, which were amplified by a failure of coordination across the plant, corporate... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiko Aoki | On 03 Oct 2011 A review of the various issues related to gender and poverty and examine the relationships between gender and various indices, including the human development index (HDI), the gender inequality index... Section: Working Papers
by Midori Aoyagi | On 21 Sep 2011 The Indian economy has shown considerable resilience to the global economic crisis by maintaining one of the highest growth rates in the world. The services sector accounted for around 88 per cent of... Section: Working Papers
by Abhijit Das | On 13 Sep 2011 This study investigates the impact of global crisis shocks on India’s trade and industry. Both panel data modeling and vector autoregression techniques are used to understand the dynamic effects of gl... Section: Working Papers
by Prabir De | On 22 Jul 2011 The economic crisis hit many countries in 2007 and the effects are still being felt, especially in poorer developing nations. Much of the debate surrounding the economic crisis and its impacts has foc... Section: Working Papers
by Azra Abdul Cader | On 11 Jul 2011 This study attempts to identity the major determinants of bond market development in Asian economies, through examining its relationship with selected key financial and economic factors, and to provid... Section: Working Papers
by Biswa Nath Bhattacharyay | On 10 Jul 2011 This paper discusses Asia’s infrastructure needs and its
corresponding financing needs and challenges. It proposes ways to address financing gaps by identifying potential
financing sources and instr... Section: Policy Briefs
by Biswa Nath Bhattacharyay | On 20 Jun 2011 The authors recount East Asia's experience with foreign direct investment (FDI). They document that, contrary to the Rybczynski theorem, capital flows in the region cause the host country's labor-inte... Section: Working Papers
by Willem Thorbecke | On 04 Jun 2011 Some services directly produce outputs that are important for human development, such as basic human services. Many other services are important inputs into the production and distribution of goods th... Section: Working Papers
by Ben Shepherd | On 24 Mar 2011 Some services directly produce outputs that are important for human development, such as basic human services. Many other services are important inputs into the production and distribution of goods th... Section: Working Papers
by Ben Shepherd | On 21 Mar 2011 This presentation was given at the Managing Foreign Exchange Reserves in the Crisis and After Seminar by Robert N. McCauley, which was held in Tokyo, Japan on 15 March 2011. URL: [http://www.adbi.org/... Section: General
by Robert N. McCauley | On 15 Mar 2011 This paper discusses the banking regulatory and supervisory practices in People’s Republic of China (PRC) with reference to the international standard for banking supervision, namely, the Basel Core P... Section: Working Papers
by Luo Ping | On 28 Feb 2011 The aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009 has called the export-led growth model of Asian economies into question. This paper describes the contribution that macroeconomic policy can m... Section: Working Papers
by Peter Morgan | On 23 Feb 2011 The purpose of this policy brief is to draw lessons from the
recent and ongoing macroeconomic policy experience of Asia’s
economies. To do so, in each of three policy areas (monetary,
fiscal, and e... Section: Policy Briefs
by Shinji Takagi | On 04 Feb 2011 Pegging in a coordinated way to a regional basket currency is considered by many as optimal for east-Asian countries. By contrast, according to existing empirical studies, these countries have most of... Section: Working Papers
by Eric Girardin | On 29 Jan 2011 While bringing positive impacts and benefits, cross-border infrastructure projects face additional challenges relative to national projects. Moreover, such projects involve a variety of technical, reg... Section: Working Papers
by ZhongXiang Zhang | On 27 Jan 2011 This paper considers how exchange rates affect East Asian trade. The evidence indicates that exports produced within regional production networks depend on exchange rates throughout the region while l... Section: Working Papers
by Willem Thorbecke | On 01 Jan 2011 Inclusive growth needs to be achieved to reduce poverty and other disparities and raise economic growth. This book develops a poverty profile for India in view of the ongoing national and global effor... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 2011 Open regionalism and trade cooperation between the world’s two largest developing countries,
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and India, can foster outward-oriented development and
intra-regio... Section: Discussion Papers
by Swapan K. Bhattacharya | On 06 Dec 2010 This paper analyses key aspects of the changing economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and Asia, and explored the potential economic ramifications of deeper EU-Asian economic cooperatio... Section: Working Papers
by Michael Plummer | On 22 Nov 2010 This paper investigates the prevailing financial regulatory structures and impact of the current financial turmoil on banking performance in four Asian economies: the People's Republic of China (PRC);... Section: Working Papers
by Chen-Min Hsu | On 03 Nov 2010 Production networks and the regional division of labor have been established in East Asia resulting in massive vertical intra-industry trade in parts and components within the region. This phenomenon... Section: Working Papers
by Hank Lim | On 02 Nov 2010 Payment systems in Malaysia have been undergoing changes in recent years. Among the notable changes is the emergence of electronic-based payment systems. The central bank has been playing an active ro... Section: Working Papers
by Amir Akmar Basir | On 25 Oct 2010 Supply chain management in Asia is a relatively new topic but is a key challenge for all Asia based
manufacturers and traders trying to integrate into the “global market.” The purpose of
this paper... Section: Working Papers
by Ruth Banomyong | On 14 Oct 2010 This study is a comprehensive, empirical analysis of the linkages between governance, institutions, and regional infrastructure. The empirical results indicate that governance and institutions are cru... Section: Working Papers
by Prabir De | On 14 Oct 2010 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as a major player in the global economy and considers free trade agreements (FTAs) an important part of its global trading strategy. The PRC’s export i... Section: Working Papers
by Yunling Zhang | On 12 Oct 2010 This paper sets up a canonical new Keynesian small open economy model with nominal price rigidities to explore the impact of habit persistence and exchange rate pass-through on the welfare ranking of... Section: Working Papers
by Yongseung Jung | On 01 Oct 2010 The growth rebalancing model, which places the nontradable services sector on center stage, is important to spur on faster growth in this sector and tap its potential to become another engine of growt... Section: Working Papers
by Rafaelita M. Aldaba | On 29 Sep 2010 The need for fiscal consolidation and sustainability is one of the key macroeconomic issues confronting Indian economy. This paper attempts to understand India’s current fiscal situation, its likely f... Section: Working Papers
by Rajiv Kumar | On 28 Sep 2010 This paper traces the effects of the “East Asian Miracle,” the 1997–1998 Asian Crisis, the recovery, and the 2008–2009 global financial crisis on ASEAN countries. It also considers how ASEAN countries... Section: Working Papers
by Willem Thorbecke | On 28 Sep 2010 This paper estimates the need for infrastructure investment, including energy, transport, telecommunications, water, and sanitation during 2010-2020, in order to meet growing demands for services and... Section: Working Papers
by Biswa Nath Bhattacharyay | On 27 Sep 2010 This study examines a range of crossborder infrastructure development issues related to the
Asian countries. Despite active pursuit of private investment in infrastructure by most
developing count... Section: Working Papers
by Prabir De | On 01 Sep 2010 This study explores the outcomes of food subsidies to the poor in the case of
India and the Philippines. Both countries operate in-kind food subsidy programs with similar mandates, commonalities in... Section: Working Papers
by Shikha Jha | On 01 Sep 2010 The present analysis sheds light on the setting up a regional rating agency in Asia in the
wake of recent financial crisis. We investigate the policy facing a financial regulator while
evaluat... Section: Working Papers
by Ying Yi Tsai | On 30 Aug 2010 This paper considers the choices facing the Asian tiger economies regarding growth
strategies that foster trans-Pacific rebalancing. A review of historical data spanning 2000 to
2008 reveals only... Section: Working Papers
by Hwee Kwan Chow | On 30 Aug 2010 This paper reviews recent state interventions in financial crises and draws lessons for crisis
management. A number of areas are identified where crisis management could be
strengthened, including... Section: Working Papers
by Charles Adams | On 29 Aug 2010 The paper investigates the labor market and social impacts of the global financial and economic crisis in Asia and the Pacific as well as national policy responses to the crisis. It draws on recent ma... Section: Working Papers
by Phu Huynh | On 08 Aug 2010 The global economic and financial landscape has been transformed over the past decade by the growing economic size and financial power of emerging economies. The new G20 summit process, which includes... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 05 Aug 2010 This study attempts to quantify the links between infrastructure investment and poverty reduction using a multi-region general equilibrium model, supplemented with household survey data for the Greate... Section: Working Papers
by Susan Stone | On 05 Aug 2010 This paper investigates whether there is any consistency between banks’ financial strength ratings (bank rating) and their risk-return profiles. It is expected that banks with high ratings tend to ear... Section: Working Papers
by Changchun Hua | On 04 Aug 2010 It is an empirical fact that it is very difficult to balance economic growth, poverty reduction, and environment protection, particularly for developing and transitional economies. While the economic... Section: Working Papers
by Kaliappa Kalirajan | On 04 Aug 2010 This study addresses three questions that arise in Asia when formulating, financing,
implementing, and maintaining transnational linkages versus purely domestic connections. [ADBI Working Paper 237] Section: Working Papers
by Peter J. Rimmer | On 04 Aug 2010 They conducted a global study of the long-term issuer ratings of nonfinancial firms from Standard and Poor's Ratings Services (S&P) for the period 1998–2003. Specifically, they focused on the solicite... Section: Working Papers
by Winnie P. H. Poon | On 02 Aug 2010 The global financial crisis and the resulting economic slowdown may be assumed to have at
least the benefit of also reducing environmental degradation in the individual countries. This
paper discu... Section: Working Papers
by Venkatachalam Anbumozhi | On 07 Jul 2010 This paper attempts to fill gaps faced by policymakers and practitioners in the evaluation of cross-border infrastructure projects. It first defines what constitutes cross-border infrastructure projec... Section: Working Papers
by Manabu Fujimura | On 07 Jul 2010 This paper examines fiscal policy issues in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) after the 2009 global financial crisis, including the timing of fiscal policy responses, the effectiveness of expans... Section: Working Papers
by Kiseok Hong | On 07 Jul 2010 Right now, governments around the world are spending record amounts of money to kick-
start their economies in response to the financial crisis. Fortunately, a great opportunity
exists for this fis... Section: Working Papers
by Fukuya Lino | On 06 Jul 2010 East Asian countries were seriously affected by the 2008 global crisis through a steep fall in exports. This experience exposed the vulnerability of the East Asian growth model and emphasized the impo... Section: Working Papers
by Mahani Zainal Abidin | On 05 Jul 2010 The current account surplus of the Republic of Korea (henceforth Korea) increased significantly in the immediate recovery period after the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis. Since then the surplus has... Section: Working Papers
by Joonkyung Ha | On 03 Jul 2010 Enormous trade surpluses are problematic for the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the
rest of the world. They primarily stem from processing trade. This paper investigates how
exchange rate ch... Section: Working Papers
by Willem Thorbecke | On 30 Jun 2010 Capitalizing on recent estimates of infrastructure financing requirements in Asia, this paper frames a scenario for infrastructure development in the region and estimates the external effects of infra... Section: Working Papers
by Fan Zhai | On 30 Jun 2010 To make Asia more economically sustainable and resilient against external shocks, regional economies need to be rebalanced toward regional demand- and trade-driven growth through increased regional co... Section: Working Papers
by Biswa N Bhattacharyay | On 09 Jun 2010 The Japanese government’s response to the financial crisis in the 1990s was late, unprepared and insufficient; it failed to recognize the severity of the crisis, which developed slowly; faced no major... Section: Working Papers
by Mariko Fujii | On 08 Jun 2010 The disadvantaged and marginalized groups in Nepal, and particularly women and Dalits, face grave hurdles to acquire post secondary education. Lack of educational access has deprived the rural and m... Section: Working Papers
by Pramod Dhakal | On 28 May 2010 This paper reviews the development of the social security system and trends in the urban labor market in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Despite its remarkable economic achievement, the PRC face... Section: Working Papers
by Wang Dewen | On 20 May 2010 The Asia and Pacific region and Latin America and Caribbean region are two regions divided not only by vast geographic distance, but also by disparities in economics, politics, culture, and history. M... Section: Working Papers
by Erlinda M. Medalla | On 04 May 2010 This paper estimated the pass-through effects of yuan’s exchange rates on prices of the US and Japanese imports from the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Empirical results show that, a 1% nominal app... Section: Working Papers
by Yuqing Xing | On 04 May 2010 This paper analyzes the impacts of the 1998 and 2008 financial crises on the Korean labor market. They study the historical background of the Korean Employment Insurance System and the change of labor... Section: Working Papers
by Sung Teak Kim | On 04 May 2010 In this paper, the effects of introducing constraints on government borrowing have been examined by using a continuous-time overlapping generations model of a small open economy. Government placing co... Section: General
by Koichi Futagami | On 27 Apr 2010 This paper makes an attempt to provide a broad overview of the salient aspects of the
growth story of Indian Railways (IR) since independence. More specifically, the study
aims to analyse the trends... Section: Working Papers
by G. Alivelu | On 10 Apr 2010 The global economic crisis has affected the East Asian economies via trade and investment. The export-led model which had been responsible for the “East Asian Miracle” now must redirect the basis of g... Section: Working Papers
by Siow Yue Chia | On 08 Apr 2010 This paper extends their previous paper (Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito 2008) and explores some of the unexplored questions. First, they examine the channels through which the trilemma policy configurations... Section: Working Papers
by Joshua Aizenman | On 08 Apr 2010 Although the overall economic performance of economies in South Asia in recent years has been impressive, there is concern that an aging and increasingly inadequate infrastructure may limit the potent... Section: Working Papers
by John Gilbert | On 01 Apr 2010 This paper reviews the capacity of colleges and universities to serve poor and vulnerable populations during past and present economic shocks. The main argument is that the environment of the global r... Section: General
by Gerard Postiglione | On 27 Mar 2010 This paper reviews the capacity of colleges and universities to serve poor and vulnerable populations during past and present economic shocks. The main argument is that the environment of the global r... Section: Working Papers
by Gerard Postiglione | On 12 Mar 2010 Focusing on corporate governance, which many see as a critical part of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and which is also seen as unresponsive to calls for change, this paper argues that such harmoniz... Section: Working Papers
by Richard W Carney | On 12 Mar 2010 The paper examines the recent European crisis management programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to see how the lessons of Asia were applied. Compared to the Asian programs of 1997, the Euro... Section: Working Papers
by Shinji Takagi | On 11 Mar 2010 It is widely believed that the practice of securitization is one of the causes that led to the 2007–08 financial crisis. In this paper, I show that securitized products such as collateralized debt obl... Section: Working Papers
by Mariko Fujii | On 11 Mar 2010 The global economic slowdown has again highlighted the vulnerability of export-led development models and economies to downturns in export markets. Economic deepening or “rebalancing” with an emphasis... Section: Working Papers
by Mark Stoughton | On 08 Mar 2010 How much can regional monitoring of financial markets and coordination of financial sector policies contribute to preventing and mitigating financial crises? This paper reviews and compares the experi... Section: Working Papers
by Adalbert Winkler | On 13 Feb 2010 In this paper I review the use of precautionary measures aimed at mitigating emerging markets’ exposure to fragility associated with financial integration. The discussion draws possible lessons from t... Section: Working Papers
by Joshua Aizenman | On 13 Feb 2010 This paper discusses the role of state intervention for prevention, containment, and resolution of financial crises based mainly on the Korean experience during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Crises... Section: Working Papers
by Yoon Je Cho | On 12 Feb 2010 The ongoing global economic crisis has punished Asian economies severely, despite the fact that its origins derive from outside the region. The global economic crisis was transmitted through real and... Section: Working Papers
by Michael G. Plummer | On 11 Feb 2010 Monetary policy frameworks in the Asia and Pacific region have performed well in the past decade as judged by inflation outcomes. We argue that this is due to three principal factors: (i) central bank... Section: Working Papers
by Andrew Filardo | On 08 Feb 2010 Recently, a dramatic accumulation in foreign exchange reserves has been widely observed in developing countries. This paper explores the possible long-run impacts of this trend on macroeconomic variab... Section: Working Papers
by Shin-ichi Fukuda | On 01 Feb 2010 The employment shock of late 2008 in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) may have been a product of three different events: (i) the contractionary macroeconomic policies introduced by the government... Section: Working Papers
by Xin Meng | On 01 Feb 2010 This paper provides estimates of the costs of organic agriculture (OA) programs, and sets them in the context of the costs of attaining the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It anal... Section: Working Papers
by Anil Markandya | On 17 Jan 2010 This paper surveys studies of the importance of Central Asian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the economy and their experience during the Russian financial crisis. It also uses survey dat... Section: Working Papers
by Gloria O. Pasadilla | On 13 Jan 2010 The recent global financial crisis reflects numerous breakdowns in the prudential discipline of
financial firms. This paper discusses ways to strengthen micro- and macroprudential
supervision and... Section: Working Papers
by Larry D. Wall | On 18 Dec 2009 This paper unveils a systematic pattern in the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC)
processing trade. In a cross-section of the PRC’s provinces, the average distance traveled
by processing imports (... Section: Working Papers
by Alyson C. Ma | On 18 Dec 2009 The domestic bond markets of the Asia and Pacific region have grown considerably since
the Asian financial crisis of 1997, although they remain undeveloped relative to the region’s
weight in the w... Section: Working Papers
by Jonathan A. Batten | On 18 Dec 2009 This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the impacts of the global financial crisis on the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC’s) small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It also provides relevant policy... Section: Working Papers
by Xiangfeng Liu | On 15 Dec 2009 The global economic and financial crisis has sparked an unprecedentedly large, generalized
fiscal policy response in practically all major industrial and emerging economies, which will
change the fi... Section: Working Papers
by Pier Carlo Padoan | On 15 Dec 2009 Regional economic integration agreements are considered to be important policy
mechanisms to address regional developmental asymmetries. The Asian reality is
characterized by developmental asymmetri... Section: Working Papers
by Ram Upendra Das | On 15 Dec 2009 This paper examines the motivation for, and the success of, regional efforts in Asia
to promote local currency bond markets. The analysis demonstrates that Asian local
currency bond markets made sub... Section: Working Papers
by Mark M. Spiegel | On 14 Dec 2009 Since the beginning of the second quarter of 2009, Asia has
staged an impressive recovery. The People’s Republic of China
(PRC), Indonesia, Republic of Korea, and Singapore grew by an
average annua... Section: Policy Briefs
by Yung Chul Park | On 07 Dec 2009 The development path that the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been following during the past thirty years has led to both internal and external economic imbalances, and is now greatly challenged... Section: Working Papers
by Ming Lu | On 29 Nov 2009 It has taken two crises—the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and the global financial crisis of 2007-2009—for the international community to seriously focus on the reform of the international finan... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 23 Nov 2009 This paper gives an account of the Swedish financial crisis covering the period 1985–2000, dealing with financial deregulation and the boom in the late 1980s, the bust and the financial crisis in the... Section: Working Papers
by Lars Jonung | On 23 Nov 2009 In the last decade, East Asia has engaged in constructing numerous mechanisms to enhance regional cooperation in the areas of trade and finance. However, the region’s economic architecture exhibits ce... Section: Working Papers
by Saori N. Katada | On 21 Nov 2009 Communicable diseases constitute a significant portion of the overall disease
burden in India. Improving access to sanitation in India will, similarly, reduce the communicable disease burden and chil... Section: Occasional Papers
by Sekhar Bonu | On 01 Nov 2009 The relationship between large enterprises (LEs) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Japan has undergone major changes during the long-term recession since 1991. While SMEs still play the impor... Section: Working Papers
by Shuji Uchikawa | On 23 Oct 2009 The economic crisis that began in the United States had an effect on the developed world, including the European Union, Japan, and Singapore. The downturn of the economy in the United States, coupled... Section: Working Papers
by Shankaran Nambiar | On 26 Aug 2009 The primary objective of this research is to identify key factors that explain the observed
wide variation in patterns of inclusiveness of economic growth—defined here as gross
domestic product (GDP... Section: Working Papers
by Cielito F. Habito | On 26 Aug 2009 This paper argues that the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) is not immune to global crises, but that a more than proportional response of gross domestic product to global crises does not seem to be... Section: Working Papers
by Dongchul Cho | On 25 Aug 2009 This policy brief examines hedge funds, private equity funds, and innovative financial products, particularly collateralized debt obligations and asset-backed securities, including their overall struc... Section: Policy Briefs
by Peter Morgan | On 08 Aug 2009 This paper assesses the condition and outlook of the financial sectors—in particular, the banking sector—in the East Asia region in the aftermath of the current global financial crisis. The risks in t... Section: Working Papers
by Michael Pomerleano | On 07 Aug 2009 This paper begins with a short review and discussion of the literature on policy complementarities and their implications in terms of (sustainable) growth strategies and the possible emergence of a ne... Section: Research Papers
by Bruno Rocha | On 09 Jul 2009 Lack of full regional connectivity is one of the major constraints hindering regional growth and integration in Asia, as well as with the rest of the world. One of the conclusions of this paper is tha... Section: Working Papers
by Biswa N Bhattacharyay | On 11 Jun 2009 This paper conducted a quantitative assessment based on a simulation analysis of what
impact the reformed Korean National Pension Act on July 2007 could bring on its
sustainability, equity, and adeq... Section: Working Papers
by Hyungpyo Moon | On 27 Apr 2009 Despite the rapid development of economic interaction between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, their trade and investment ties are still in their... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 14 Apr 2009 A lively debate is taking place over the impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) on East Asia's business between those who view the agreements as a harmful Asian "noodle bowl"—i.e., overlapping regiona... Section: Working Papers
by Masahiro Kawai | On 01 Apr 2009 In the context of production linkages in which downstream producers require freight services
provided by transport operators, the author show that the strategic choice of using an alternative
transp... Section: Working Papers
by Ying Yi Tsai | On 27 Mar 2009 Capitalizing on the most recent worldwide estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture production, this paper assesses the economic effects of climate change for Southeast Asian countries... Section: Working Papers
by Fan Zhai | On 09 Feb 2009 Capitalizing on the most recent worldwide estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, this paper assesses the economic effects of climate change for Southeast Asian countrie... Section: Working Papers
by Fan Zhai | On 01 Feb 2009 The Asian region has experienced substantial growth over the past several decades. Indeed,
a quarter of all world exports now come from East Asia. Strong infrastructure underpinnings
have often been... Section: Working Papers
by Susan Stone | On 28 Dec 2008 International trade has played an essential role in Asia’s remarkable growth, development,
and integration in recent decades. Infrastructure, both hard and soft, has played an integral
part in facil... Section: Working Papers
by Douglas H. Brooks | On 28 Dec 2008 The study attempts to empirically examine whether the adoption of organic
farming practices leads to better health. As a proxy for health status, a comparison of the health expenditure patterns of or... Section: Working Papers
by Sunantar Setboonsarng | On 22 Dec 2008 The task of workforce development in India faces the changing realities of globalization and competitiveness, on one hand, and the need for inclusive growth on the other. This report focuses on the is... Section: Reports
by Shyamal Majumdar | On 20 Nov 2008 This paper analyzes the effects of capital controls and crises on financial integration, using stocks from emerging economies that trade in both domestic and international markets. The cross market p... Section: Working Papers
by Eduardo Yeyati | On 15 Nov 2008 With deregulation and globalization, and the impact of these developments on economies
worldwide, it has become necessary for the PRC authorities to consider an approach that
would further attune it... Section: Research Papers
by Tracy Yang | On 14 Nov 2008 Two major economic problems are currently shadowing Asian economies. On the one hand,
the slowdown in the US economy, ignited by the subprime mortgage crisis, may not be
confined to the US region... Section: Working Papers
by Kwanho Shin | On 04 Nov 2008 The agricultural sectors of developing Asian countries are
experiencing two important new developments: the growth of
organic agriculture (OA) and the increasing use of land to grow
energy crops... Section: Policy Briefs
by Anil Markandya | On 01 Nov 2008 “Open Skies,” in general, refers to the liberalization of aviation markets that can be pursued
on a bilateral, regional, or multilateral basis. At the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN)... Section: Working Papers
by Siew Yean Tham | On 29 Oct 2008 In the run-up to the 2008 global financial crisis, there was frequent discussion of Asia having
decoupled from economic shock transmission originating in Europe or North America. Much
of the basis f... Section: Working Papers
by Douglas H. Brooks | On 29 Oct 2008 The focus of this paper is on food miles issues associated with the import of products from developing countries. As the concept of food miles has been an issue in organic agriculture since before the... Section: Working Papers
by Els Wynen | On 01 Oct 2008 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a relative latecomer to
modern industry and is—by most standards—a highly successful
one. Its market-oriented reforms have produced remarkable
results: the m... Section: Policy Briefs
by Tracy Yang | On 23 Sep 2008 This paper reports the European experience with a basket currency, the ECU. The ECU was initially introduced as a reference unit and later became the anchor of the European Monetary System. Public pol... Section: Discussion Papers
by Girardin Eric | On 09 Sep 2008 The growth of ethical consumerism in developed countries has led to increased imports of environmentally and socially certified products produced by the poor in developing countries, which could poten... Section: Working Papers
by Sununtar Setboonsarng | On 01 Aug 2008 This paper analyzes Singapore’s multi-pronged approach to managing prolonged low fertility which has led to population aging, labor force shortages, increasing elderly dependency ratios, and feminizat... Section: Discussion Papers
by Mukul. G Asher | On 01 Aug 2008 This paper quantifies the impact of terrorism and conflicts on income per capita growth in Asia for 1970–2004. Transnational terrorist attacks had a significant growth-limiting effect. An additional t... Section: Discussion Papers
by Khusrav Gaibulloev | On 25 Jul 2008 The paper highlights a number of issues that countries need to explore in assessing the feasibility of a CCT program: a country needs to assess the current level of specific human capital outcomes and... Section: Policy Briefs
by Hyun H. Son | On 01 Jul 2008 Capital inflows provide emerging market economies with
invaluable benefits in pursuing economic development and
growth by enabling them to finance investment, smooth
consumption, diversify risks, a... Section: Policy Briefs
by Masahiro Kawai | On 25 Jun 2008 Infrastructure services play a significant role in trade costs by
reducing distribution margins, lowering prices, and raising
consumer welfare. They also lower transaction costs, add value,
and inc... Section: Policy Briefs
by Douglas H. Brooks | On 11 Jun 2008 Using data from a survey of clients of a microfinance bank,
Khushhali Bank, in 2005, the study revisited the survey data and found that despite the
Bank’s strict poverty-targeting program used in cl... Section: Discussion Papers
by Sununtar Setboonsarng | On 25 Mar 2008 Ten years have passed since the Asian financial crisis that
devastated not only the currency values and the financial
systems of Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and
Thailand, but also t... Section: Policy Briefs
by Masahiro Kawai | On 16 Feb 2008 In this paper they focus on the relationship between remittance inflows and financial
inclusion in developing countries. They present single equation estimates on remittances
and financial inclusi... Section: Policy Briefs
by Helen S. Toxopeus | On 21 Aug 2007 Private investors respond to risk return tradeoffs. The policy
environment and regulatory framework significantly influence risk as
well as return in the power sector. Power sector reform and policy... Section: Policy Briefs
by Anoop Singh | On 20 Dec 2006 Using ethnographies of persons situated in cruising spaces, this
paper argues that there are limits on the power of subjectivation that
section 377 bears; that one’s entry into sociality can occur t... Section: Working Papers
by Mayur Suresh | On 30 Aug 2006 The tsunami of December 26, 2004 left Sri Lanka with over
30,000 people dead, almost a million displaced and an estimated
150,000 people lost their primary source of livelihood. There was
massive d... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sisira Jayasuriya | On 13 Jun 2006 Since the government announced the Revitalise the North East policy in 2002 there has
been a new focus to regional policy following on from the previous, but continuing, Develop
the West policy. For... Section: Policy Briefs
by John Weiss | On 09 May 2006 This Policy Brief is based on the articles originally appearing in the Perspectives series of ADB Institute’s e-Newsline from March 2005 to March 2006. This is also regarded as a continuation of Polic... Section: Policy Briefs
by Toshiki Kanamori | On 08 May 2006 The main issues surrounding this concern and provides a range of policy,
regulatory, and institutional measures that could help strengthen the impact of transport infrastructure on poverty reduction... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sununtar Setboonsarng | On 18 Apr 2006 Governance is often a difficult process. Proper governance ideally
involves formulating an overall strategy of operations, translating this
strategy into specific policies and decisions, and then im... Section: Policy Briefs
by Peter McCawley | On 11 Apr 2006 This paper explores the competitive threat posed by the People’s Republic of China to markets
in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It focuses on the impact of PRC’s rise as a major
exporter of... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sanjaya Lall | On 29 Mar 2006 This paper will discuss the major factors, which affect Indonesia’s industrial competitiveness, specifically the determinants of its industrial technology development, which is crucial to raising Indo... Section: Research Papers
by Thee Kian Wie | On 09 Feb 2006 For the past several years, the revaluation of the renminbi has been a hot topic among policymakers and economists as well as market participants inside and outside the PRC against the background of i... Section: Research Papers
by Zhijun Zhao | On 23 Dec 2005 The advent of microfinance lending in the last two decades has been hailed as a key development in the fight against poverty. The New York Times (1997), for example, on its editorial page, has promote... Section: Research Papers
by Rajeev Dehejia | On 17 Oct 2005 The Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia applied for accession
to the World Trade Organization in October 1994. At its meeting on
21 December 1994, the Preparatory Committee for the WTO
establishe... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sok Siphana | On 11 Oct 2005 The population and poverty nexus is not new but remains an important development issue for many countries. Recent research has added the crucial dimension of vulnerability to poverty to the debate on... Section: Research Papers
by Aniceto C. Orbeta, Jr. | On 21 Sep 2005 This paper explores a plausible channel through which exporting could have made both a substantial and a persistent contribution to export-oriented economic growth in Korea and by extension other East... Section: Research Papers
by Sanghoon Ahn | On 10 Jul 2005 The development of private enterprises in the PRC has its own specific
background. During the 1950s, the old Chinese capitalist economy
essentially died out with the establishment of the PRC and the... Section: Policy Briefs
by Toshiki Kanamori | On 24 Jun 2005 In recent years, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as the world’s largest
recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). Many analysts and government officials in the
developing world... Section: Research Papers
by Busakorn Chantasasawat | On 22 Jun 2005 Dynamic human resources are one of the dominant factors for developing
countries (DMCs) to achieve sustainable economic growth. Donors, including
the ADB, are eager to help teach DMC policymakers ho... Section: Policy Briefs
by Toshiki Kanamori | On 14 Apr 2005 There is no doubt that part of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) FDI belongs to the return of Chinese
capital that has gone abroad. The World Bank and o... Section: Policy Briefs
by Xiao Geng | On 14 Jan 2005 At the end of 2004, the macroeconomic balance in the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) raises some interesting options. The external sector
enjoys a huge surplus, with significant increases in the cu... Section: Research Papers
by Toshiki Kanamori | On 14 Jan 2005 This paper aims to highlight the critical importance of cost recovery in attracting and
sustaining private investment for power development. Based on a brief review of Indian
experience, it suggests... Section: Discussion Papers
by Vishvanath V. Desai | On 24 Dec 2004 There were many challenges involved in the conduct of the elections. For example,
the people had to cast votes among 16 presidential candidates (2 candidates withdrew two days before the elections) i... Section: Policy Briefs
by Manabu Fujimura | On 17 Oct 2004 They begin the paper by laying out a simple methodology that allows them to
determine whether firms are credit constrained, based on how they react to
changes in directed lending programs. The basic... Section: Working Papers
by Abhijit Banerjee | On 22 Aug 2004 The very rapid economic growth of the People’s Republic of China (henceforth PRC), its dramatic
success in world export markets and its heavy receipts of foreign direct investment (FDI) have
generat... Section: Research Papers
by John Weiss | On 10 Aug 2004 Bank-based systems of corporate governance are certainly an alternative in many Asian economies.
In spite of the great efforts directed to strengthening corporate governance along the Anglo-
America... Section: Research Papers
by Sang-Woo Nam | On 18 Apr 2004 Poverty targeting, defined as the use of policy instruments to channel
resources to a target group identified below an agreed national poverty line, is
used by all governments in Asia in one form or... Section: Policy Briefs
by John Weiss | On 01 Mar 2004 Poor corporate governance is viewed as one of the structural
weaknesses responsible for the outbreak of the Asian crisis in late 1997.
Controlling family owners could pursue private interests with r... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sang-Woo Nam | On 01 Jan 2004 Large publicly-held corporations or business groups in developing Asian economies are typically
controlled (and managed) by families, and tend to suffer from poor corporate governance. Even
though s... Section: Research Papers
by Sang-Woo Nam | On 24 Apr 2003 Large publicly-held corporations or business groups in developing Asian
economies are typically controlled (and managed) by families, and tend to
suffer from poor corporate governance. Even though s... Section: Policy Briefs
by Sang-Woo Nam | On 01 Apr 2003 Although the Asian Crisis has brought consensus on the necessity of
strong domestic financial systems, there is less agreement as to the role of
foreign banks in achieving the goals of economic grow... Section: Policy Briefs
by Heather Montgomery | On 08 Jan 2003 A variety of institutional forms of microfinance are being
introduced in Asia including by the ADB-and financial institutions pursue different
objectives, so it is difficult to assess how well micro... Section: Policy Briefs
by Richard L Meyer | On 13 Dec 2002 PRC’s economic emergence over the last two decades, and in particular its
recent WTO accession initiative, portend a dramatically changed landscape
of East Asian trade. This has aroused concern arou... Section: Policy Briefs
by David Roland Holst | On 01 Oct 2002 For decades until the crisis hit in mid-1997, East Asian economies led
the developing world in achieving high rates of economic growth,
accomplishing what had come to be known as the East Asian Mira... Section: Policy Briefs
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Mar 2002 The main objectives of this report are to identify and propose policies,
factors and conditions that could mitigate or avoid double mismatches. policies here means any course of action pursued and ad... Section: Policy Briefs
by Khee-Giap Tan | On 01 Dec 2001 The Metaguidelines for Water and Climate Change were developed by the Asia–Pacific Water Forum (APWF) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) in collaboration with the Global Water Partnership (GWP). This pu... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 1900 The report is an annual review of Asia’s regional economic cooperation and integration. It covers the 48 regional members of the Asian Development Bank. This issue includes Special Chapter: How Can Sp... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 1900 The report says Asia’s developing economies remain on track to post growth of 5.8% in 2015 and 6.0% in 2016, as the region’s economies remain resilient to continued economic weakness in industrialized... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 1900 This report is an outcome of Phase 3 discussions under the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Forum Sub-Forum 2, which have focused on making bond market infrastructures in the region more inter-operable through the... Section: Reports
by Asian Development Bank Institute | On 01 Jan 1900 The Islamic finance industry has grown substantially in Asia over the last 2 decades. The Muslim populations in different Asian countries, especially in Southeast Asia, are increasing. Rapid Muslim po... Section: Working Papers
by Akbar Komijani | On 01 Jan 1900 |